text rendering

src/render/font_atlas.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+use ab_glyph::{Font, FontVec, PxScale, ScaleFont};
+use glam::Vec3;
+
+use crate::paths;
+
+use super::text_pipeline::TextVertex;
+
+const ATLAS_COLS: u32 = 16;
+const ATLAS_ROWS: u32 = 8;
+const FIRST_CHAR: u32 = 32;
+const LAST_CHAR: u32 = 126;
+const NUM_GLYPHS: u32 = LAST_CHAR - FIRST_CHAR + 1;
+const FONT_PX: f32 = 16.0;
+
+struct GlyphMetrics
+{
+    uv_min: [f32; 2],
+    uv_max: [f32; 2],
+}
+
+pub struct FontAtlas
+{
+    pub texture_view: wgpu::TextureView,
+    pub sampler: wgpu::Sampler,
+    glyphs: Vec<GlyphMetrics>,
+    pub cell_w: f32,
+    pub cell_h: f32,
+}
+
+impl FontAtlas
+{
+    pub fn load(device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue) -> Self
+    {
+        let path = paths::fonts::departure_mono();
+        let data = std::fs::read(&path).unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("Failed to read font: {path}"));
+        let font = FontVec::try_from_vec(data).expect("Failed to parse font");
+
+        let scale = PxScale::from(FONT_PX);
+        let scaled = font.as_scaled(scale);
+
+        let ascent = scaled.ascent();
+        let descent = scaled.descent();
+        let cell_h = (ascent - descent).ceil() as u32;
+        let cell_w = scaled.h_advance(font.glyph_id(' ')).ceil() as u32;
+
+        let atlas_w = ATLAS_COLS * cell_w;
+        let atlas_h = ATLAS_ROWS * cell_h;
+
+        let mut pixels = vec![0u8; (atlas_w * atlas_h) as usize];
+        let mut glyphs = Vec::with_capacity(NUM_GLYPHS as usize);
+
+        for idx in 0..NUM_GLYPHS
+        {
+            let ch = char::from_u32(FIRST_CHAR + idx).unwrap_or(' ');
+            let col = idx % ATLAS_COLS;
+            let row = idx / ATLAS_COLS;
+            let cell_x = col * cell_w;
+            let cell_y = row * cell_h;
+
+            glyphs.push(GlyphMetrics {
+                uv_min: [cell_x as f32 / atlas_w as f32, cell_y as f32 / atlas_h as f32],
+                uv_max: [
+                    (cell_x + cell_w) as f32 / atlas_w as f32,
+                    (cell_y + cell_h) as f32 / atlas_h as f32,
+                ],
+            });
+
+            let glyph_id = font.glyph_id(ch);
+            let glyph = glyph_id.with_scale_and_position(
+                scale,
+                ab_glyph::point(cell_x as f32, cell_y as f32 + ascent),
+            );
+
+            if let Some(outlined) = font.outline_glyph(glyph)
+            {
+                let bounds = outlined.px_bounds();
+                outlined.draw(|x, y, coverage| {
+                    let abs_x = bounds.min.x.floor() as i32 + x as i32;
+                    let abs_y = bounds.min.y.floor() as i32 + y as i32;
+                    if abs_x >= 0 && abs_y >= 0
+                    {
+                        let ax = abs_x as u32;
+                        let ay = abs_y as u32;
+                        if ax < atlas_w && ay < atlas_h
+                        {
+                            let i = (ay * atlas_w + ax) as usize;
+                            let v = (coverage * 255.0 + 0.5) as u8;
+                            pixels[i] = pixels[i].max(v);
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        let extent = wgpu::Extent3d {
+            width: atlas_w,
+            height: atlas_h,
+            depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+        };
+        let texture = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Font Atlas"),
+            size: extent,
+            mip_level_count: 1,
+            sample_count: 1,
+            dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
+            format: wgpu::TextureFormat::R8Unorm,
+            usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_DST,
+            view_formats: &[],
+        });
+
+        queue.write_texture(
+            wgpu::TexelCopyTextureInfo {
+                texture: &texture,
+                mip_level: 0,
+                origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
+                aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+            },
+            &pixels,
+            wgpu::TexelCopyBufferLayout {
+                offset: 0,
+                bytes_per_row: Some(atlas_w),
+                rows_per_image: Some(atlas_h),
+            },
+            extent,
+        );
+
+        let texture_view = texture.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
+        let sampler = device.create_sampler(&wgpu::SamplerDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Font Atlas Sampler"),
+            address_mode_u: wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
+            address_mode_v: wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
+            mag_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest,
+            min_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest,
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
+
+        Self {
+            texture_view,
+            sampler,
+            glyphs,
+            cell_w: cell_w as f32,
+            cell_h: cell_h as f32,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn aspect(&self) -> f32
+    {
+        self.cell_w / self.cell_h
+    }
+
+    /// Build billboard-space text quads for a single dialog bubble.
+    ///
+    /// `anchor`      – world-space centre of the bubble body  
+    /// `right`/`up`  – billboard orientation vectors  
+    /// `inner_half_w` – half-width of the text area in world units  
+    /// `inner_top_y`  – y-offset (up-axis) of the top edge of the text area  
+    /// `char_world_h` – world-space height of one character cell  
+    /// `line_spacing` – extra vertical gap between lines in world units  
+    pub fn build_bubble_text(
+        &self,
+        text: &str,
+        anchor: Vec3,
+        right: Vec3,
+        up: Vec3,
+        inner_half_w: f32,
+        inner_top_y: f32,
+        char_world_h: f32,
+        line_spacing: f32,
+    ) -> Vec<TextVertex>
+    {
+        let char_w = char_world_h * self.aspect();
+        let chars_per_line = ((inner_half_w * 2.0) / char_w).floor() as usize;
+
+        if chars_per_line == 0
+        {
+            return Vec::new();
+        }
+
+        let lines = word_wrap(text, chars_per_line);
+        let half_char_h = char_world_h * 0.5;
+        let half_char_w = char_w * 0.5;
+        let text_left = -inner_half_w;
+
+        let mut verts = Vec::new();
+
+        for (row, line) in lines.iter().enumerate()
+        {
+            let y = inner_top_y - half_char_h - row as f32 * (char_world_h + line_spacing);
+            if y < -inner_top_y + half_char_h
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            for (col, ch) in line.chars().enumerate()
+            {
+                if ch == ' '
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                let code = ch as u32;
+                if code < FIRST_CHAR || code > LAST_CHAR
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let g = &self.glyphs[(code - FIRST_CHAR) as usize];
+
+                let x = text_left + half_char_w + col as f32 * char_w;
+                let centre = anchor + right * x + up * y;
+
+                let tl = centre - right * half_char_w + up * half_char_h;
+                let tr = centre + right * half_char_w + up * half_char_h;
+                let br = centre + right * half_char_w - up * half_char_h;
+                let bl = centre - right * half_char_w - up * half_char_h;
+
+                verts.extend_from_slice(&[
+                    TextVertex { position: tl.to_array(), uv: g.uv_min },
+                    TextVertex {
+                        position: tr.to_array(),
+                        uv: [g.uv_max[0], g.uv_min[1]],
+                    },
+                    TextVertex { position: br.to_array(), uv: g.uv_max },
+                    TextVertex {
+                        position: bl.to_array(),
+                        uv: [g.uv_min[0], g.uv_max[1]],
+                    },
+                ]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        verts
+    }
+}
+
+fn word_wrap(text: &str, chars_per_line: usize) -> Vec<String>
+{
+    let mut lines: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+    let mut current = String::new();
+
+    for word in text.split_whitespace()
+    {
+        if current.is_empty()
+        {
+            current.push_str(word);
+        }
+        else if current.len() + 1 + word.len() <= chars_per_line
+        {
+            current.push(' ');
+            current.push_str(word);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            lines.push(current.clone());
+            current = word.to_string();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if !current.is_empty()
+    {
+        lines.push(current);
+    }
+
+    lines
+}

src/render/global.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ use std::cell::RefCell;
 use crate::debug::DebugMode;
 use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
 
-use super::{BillboardDrawCall, DrawCall, Renderer, Spotlight};
+use super::{BillboardDrawCall, DrawCall, FontAtlas, Renderer, Spotlight};
+use super::text_pipeline::TextVertex;
 
 thread_local! {
     static GLOBAL_RENDERER: RefCell<Option<Renderer>> = RefCell::new(None);
@@ -99,6 +100,13 @@ pub fn set_selected_entity(entity: Option<EntityHandle>)
     with_mut(|r| r.selected_entity = entity);
 }
 
+pub fn with_font_atlas<F, R>(f: F) -> R
+where
+    F: FnOnce(&FontAtlas) -> R,
+{
+    with_ref(|r| f(&r.font_atlas))
+}
+
 pub fn render(
     view: &glam::Mat4,
     projection: &glam::Mat4,
@@ -106,6 +114,7 @@ pub fn render(
     player_position: glam::Vec3,
     draw_calls: &[DrawCall],
     billboard_calls: &[BillboardDrawCall],
+    text_vertices: &[TextVertex],
     time: f32,
     delta_time: f32,
     debug_mode: DebugMode,
@@ -119,6 +128,7 @@ pub fn render(
             player_position,
             draw_calls,
             billboard_calls,
+            text_vertices,
             time,
             delta_time,
             debug_mode,

src/render/mod.rs

@@ -6,14 +6,18 @@ mod shadow;
 mod types;
 
 pub mod billboard;
+pub mod font_atlas;
 pub mod snow;
 pub mod snow_light;
+pub mod text_pipeline;
 
 pub use billboard::{BillboardDrawCall, BillboardPipeline};
+pub use font_atlas::FontAtlas;
 pub use global::{
     aspect_ratio, init, init_snow_light_accumulation, render, set_selected_entity, set_snow_depth,
-    set_terrain_data, update_spotlights, with_device, with_queue, with_surface_format,
+    set_terrain_data, update_spotlights, with_device, with_font_atlas, with_queue, with_surface_format,
 };
+pub use text_pipeline::TextVertex;
 pub use types::{DrawCall, Pipeline, Spotlight, SpotlightRaw, Uniforms, MAX_SPOTLIGHTS};
 
 use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
@@ -38,6 +42,7 @@ pub struct Renderer
     pub config: wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration,
 
     framebuffer: LowResFramebuffer,
+    fullres_depth_view: wgpu::TextureView,
 
     standard_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
     snow_clipmap_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
@@ -45,6 +50,8 @@ pub struct Renderer
     debug_lines_pipeline: Option<wgpu::RenderPipeline>,
     debug_overlay: Option<debug_overlay::DebugOverlay>,
     billboard_pipeline: BillboardPipeline,
+    font_atlas: font_atlas::FontAtlas,
+    text_pipeline: text_pipeline::TextPipeline,
     wireframe_supported: bool,
 
     uniform_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
@@ -148,6 +155,23 @@ impl Renderer
         let framebuffer =
             LowResFramebuffer::new(&device, low_res_width, low_res_height, config.format);
 
+        let fullres_depth_texture = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Full Res Depth Texture"),
+            size: wgpu::Extent3d {
+                width: config.width,
+                height: config.height,
+                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+            },
+            mip_level_count: 1,
+            sample_count: 1,
+            dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
+            format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float,
+            usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT,
+            view_formats: &[],
+        });
+        let fullres_depth_view =
+            fullres_depth_texture.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
+
         let uniform_buffer = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
             label: Some("Uniform Buffer"),
             size: (std::mem::size_of::<Uniforms>() * MAX_DRAW_CALLS) as wgpu::BufferAddress,
@@ -502,6 +526,8 @@ impl Renderer
         ));
 
         let billboard_pipeline = BillboardPipeline::new(&device, config.format);
+        let font_atlas = font_atlas::FontAtlas::load(&device, &queue);
+        let text_pipeline = text_pipeline::TextPipeline::new(&device, config.format, &font_atlas);
 
         let debug_overlay = Some(debug_overlay::DebugOverlay::new(&device, config.format));
 
@@ -526,12 +552,15 @@ impl Renderer
             surface,
             config,
             framebuffer,
+            fullres_depth_view,
             standard_pipeline,
             snow_clipmap_pipeline,
             wireframe_pipeline,
             debug_lines_pipeline,
             debug_overlay,
             billboard_pipeline,
+            font_atlas,
+            text_pipeline,
             wireframe_supported,
             uniform_buffer,
             bind_group_layout,
@@ -576,6 +605,7 @@ impl Renderer
         player_position: glam::Vec3,
         draw_calls: &[DrawCall],
         billboard_calls: &[BillboardDrawCall],
+        text_vertices: &[text_pipeline::TextVertex],
         time: f32,
         delta_time: f32,
         debug_mode: DebugMode,
@@ -954,14 +984,6 @@ impl Renderer
             }
         }
 
-        self.billboard_pipeline.render(
-            &mut encoder,
-            &self.queue,
-            &self.framebuffer.view,
-            &self.framebuffer.depth_view,
-            billboard_calls,
-        );
-
         self.queue.submit(std::iter::once(encoder.finish()));
 
         let frame = match self.surface.get_current_texture()
@@ -1012,6 +1034,50 @@ impl Renderer
         }
 
         self.queue.submit(std::iter::once(blit_encoder.finish()));
+
+        let mut overlay_encoder =
+            self.device
+                .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+                    label: Some("Dialog Overlay Encoder"),
+                });
+
+        {
+            let _depth_clear = overlay_encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+                label: Some("Full Res Depth Clear"),
+                color_attachments: &[],
+                depth_stencil_attachment: Some(wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment {
+                    view: &self.fullres_depth_view,
+                    depth_ops: Some(wgpu::Operations {
+                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(1.0),
+                        store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                    }),
+                    stencil_ops: None,
+                }),
+                timestamp_writes: None,
+                occlusion_query_set: None,
+                multiview_mask: None,
+            });
+        }
+
+        self.billboard_pipeline.render(
+            &mut overlay_encoder,
+            &self.queue,
+            &screen_view,
+            &self.fullres_depth_view,
+            billboard_calls,
+        );
+
+        let view_proj = (*projection * *view).to_cols_array_2d();
+        self.text_pipeline.render(
+            &mut overlay_encoder,
+            &self.queue,
+            &screen_view,
+            &self.fullres_depth_view,
+            text_vertices,
+            view_proj,
+        );
+
+        self.queue.submit(std::iter::once(overlay_encoder.finish()));
         frame
     }
 

src/render/text_pipeline.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
+use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
+
+use crate::paths;
+
+use super::font_atlas::FontAtlas;
+
+const MAX_TEXT_CHARS: usize = 512;
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Pod, Zeroable)]
+pub struct TextVertex
+{
+    pub position: [f32; 3],
+    pub uv: [f32; 2],
+}
+
+impl TextVertex
+{
+    fn desc() -> wgpu::VertexBufferLayout<'static>
+    {
+        wgpu::VertexBufferLayout {
+            array_stride: std::mem::size_of::<TextVertex>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+            step_mode: wgpu::VertexStepMode::Vertex,
+            attributes: &[
+                wgpu::VertexAttribute {
+                    offset: 0,
+                    shader_location: 0,
+                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x3,
+                },
+                wgpu::VertexAttribute {
+                    offset: std::mem::size_of::<[f32; 3]>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+                    shader_location: 1,
+                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x2,
+                },
+            ],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Pod, Zeroable)]
+struct ViewProjUniform
+{
+    matrix: [[f32; 4]; 4],
+}
+
+pub struct TextPipeline
+{
+    pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
+    vertex_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
+    index_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
+    uniform_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
+    bind_group: wgpu::BindGroup,
+}
+
+impl TextPipeline
+{
+    pub fn new(device: &wgpu::Device, format: wgpu::TextureFormat, atlas: &FontAtlas) -> Self
+    {
+        let shader_src =
+            std::fs::read_to_string(&paths::shaders::text()).expect("Failed to read text.wgsl");
+        let shader = device.create_shader_module(wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text Shader"),
+            source: wgpu::ShaderSource::Wgsl(shader_src.into()),
+        });
+
+        let bind_group_layout =
+            device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+                label: Some("Text Bind Group Layout"),
+                entries: &[
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 0,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::VERTEX,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
+                            ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform,
+                            has_dynamic_offset: false,
+                            min_binding_size: std::num::NonZeroU64::new(
+                                std::mem::size_of::<ViewProjUniform>() as u64,
+                            ),
+                        },
+                        count: None,
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 1,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Texture {
+                            sample_type: wgpu::TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: true },
+                            view_dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
+                            multisampled: false,
+                        },
+                        count: None,
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                        binding: 2,
+                        visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                        ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler(wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Filtering),
+                        count: None,
+                    },
+                ],
+            });
+
+        let uniform_buffer = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text ViewProj Buffer"),
+            size: std::mem::size_of::<ViewProjUniform>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+            mapped_at_creation: false,
+        });
+
+        let bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text Bind Group"),
+            layout: &bind_group_layout,
+            entries: &[
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 0,
+                    resource: uniform_buffer.as_entire_binding(),
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 1,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&atlas.texture_view),
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 2,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&atlas.sampler),
+                },
+            ],
+        });
+
+        let vertex_buffer = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text Vertex Buffer"),
+            size: (MAX_TEXT_CHARS * 4 * std::mem::size_of::<TextVertex>()) as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+            mapped_at_creation: false,
+        });
+
+        let indices: Vec<u16> = (0..MAX_TEXT_CHARS as u16)
+            .flat_map(|i| {
+                let b = i * 4;
+                [b, b + 1, b + 2, b + 2, b + 3, b]
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let index_buffer = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text Index Buffer"),
+            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&indices),
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::INDEX,
+        });
+
+        let pipeline_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text Pipeline Layout"),
+            bind_group_layouts: &[&bind_group_layout],
+            immediate_size: 0,
+        });
+
+        let pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text Pipeline"),
+            layout: Some(&pipeline_layout),
+            vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
+                module: &shader,
+                entry_point: Some("vs_main"),
+                buffers: &[TextVertex::desc()],
+                compilation_options: Default::default(),
+            },
+            fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
+                module: &shader,
+                entry_point: Some("fs_main"),
+                targets: &[Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
+                    format,
+                    blend: Some(wgpu::BlendState::ALPHA_BLENDING),
+                    write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
+                })],
+                compilation_options: Default::default(),
+            }),
+            primitive: wgpu::PrimitiveState {
+                topology: wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleList,
+                strip_index_format: None,
+                front_face: wgpu::FrontFace::Ccw,
+                cull_mode: None,
+                polygon_mode: wgpu::PolygonMode::Fill,
+                unclipped_depth: false,
+                conservative: false,
+            },
+            depth_stencil: Some(wgpu::DepthStencilState {
+                format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float,
+                depth_write_enabled: false,
+                depth_compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::LessEqual,
+                stencil: wgpu::StencilState::default(),
+                bias: wgpu::DepthBiasState::default(),
+            }),
+            multisample: wgpu::MultisampleState {
+                count: 1,
+                mask: !0,
+                alpha_to_coverage_enabled: false,
+            },
+            multiview_mask: None,
+            cache: None,
+        });
+
+        Self {
+            pipeline,
+            vertex_buffer,
+            index_buffer,
+            uniform_buffer,
+            bind_group,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn render(
+        &self,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
+        color_view: &wgpu::TextureView,
+        depth_view: &wgpu::TextureView,
+        vertices: &[TextVertex],
+        view_proj: [[f32; 4]; 4],
+    )
+    {
+        if vertices.is_empty()
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let n_chars = (vertices.len() / 4).min(MAX_TEXT_CHARS);
+        let used = &vertices[..n_chars * 4];
+
+        queue.write_buffer(
+            &self.uniform_buffer,
+            0,
+            bytemuck::cast_slice(&[ViewProjUniform { matrix: view_proj }]),
+        );
+        queue.write_buffer(&self.vertex_buffer, 0, bytemuck::cast_slice(used));
+
+        let mut pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text Pass"),
+            color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
+                view: color_view,
+                resolve_target: None,
+                ops: wgpu::Operations {
+                    load: wgpu::LoadOp::Load,
+                    store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                },
+                depth_slice: None,
+            })],
+            depth_stencil_attachment: Some(wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment {
+                view: depth_view,
+                depth_ops: Some(wgpu::Operations {
+                    load: wgpu::LoadOp::Load,
+                    store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                }),
+                stencil_ops: None,
+            }),
+            timestamp_writes: None,
+            occlusion_query_set: None,
+            multiview_mask: None,
+        });
+
+        pass.set_pipeline(&self.pipeline);
+        pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.bind_group, &[]);
+        pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, self.vertex_buffer.slice(..));
+        pass.set_index_buffer(self.index_buffer.slice(..), wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint16);
+        pass.draw_indexed(0..(n_chars * 6) as u32, 0, 0..1);
+    }
+}

src/shaders/text.wgsl

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+struct Uniforms
+{
+    view_proj: mat4x4<f32>,
+}
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<uniform> u: Uniforms;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var glyph_atlas: texture_2d<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var glyph_sampler: sampler;
+
+struct VertexIn
+{
+    @location(0) position: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(1) uv:       vec2<f32>,
+}
+
+struct VertexOut
+{
+    @builtin(position) clip_pos: vec4<f32>,
+    @location(0)       uv:       vec2<f32>,
+}
+
+@vertex
+fn vs_main(in: VertexIn) -> VertexOut
+{
+    var out: VertexOut;
+    out.clip_pos = u.view_proj * vec4<f32>(in.position, 1.0);
+    out.uv       = in.uv;
+    return out;
+}
+
+@fragment
+fn fs_main(in: VertexOut) -> @location(0) vec4<f32>
+{
+    let coverage = textureSample(glyph_atlas, glyph_sampler, in.uv).r;
+    if coverage < 0.5
+    {
+        discard;
+    }
+    return vec4<f32>(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
+}

src/systems/dialog_render.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use glam::{Mat4, Vec3};
 
 use crate::render::billboard::{BillboardDrawCall, BillboardVertex, BubbleUniforms};
+use crate::render::{with_font_atlas, TextVertex};
 use crate::world::World;
 
 const BUBBLE_WIDTH: f32 = 2.2;
@@ -13,13 +14,18 @@ const HEIGHT_OFFSET: f32 = 8.2;
 const FILL_COLOR: [f32; 4] = [0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 1.0];
 const BORDER_COLOR: [f32; 4] = [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0];
 
+const CHAR_WORLD_HEIGHT: f32 = 0.36;
+const TEXT_PADDING: f32 = 0.06;
+const LINE_SPACING: f32 = 0.01;
+
 pub fn dialog_bubble_render_system(
     world: &World,
     camera_pos: Vec3,
     view_proj: Mat4,
-) -> Vec<BillboardDrawCall>
+) -> (Vec<BillboardDrawCall>, Vec<TextVertex>)
 {
     let mut calls = Vec::new();
+    let mut all_text: Vec<TextVertex> = Vec::new();
 
     for bubble_entity in world.bubble_tags.all()
     {
@@ -65,29 +71,16 @@ pub fn dialog_bubble_render_system(
         let half_w = BUBBLE_WIDTH * 0.5;
         let total_down = body_half_h + tail_height;
 
-        // Corners: tl → tr → br → bl (CCW in clip space when billboard faces camera).
         let tl = anchor - right * half_w + up * body_half_h;
         let tr = anchor + right * half_w + up * body_half_h;
         let br = anchor + right * half_w - up * total_down;
         let bl = anchor - right * half_w - up * total_down;
 
         let vertices = [
-            BillboardVertex {
-                position: tl.to_array(),
-                uv: [0.0, 0.0],
-            },
-            BillboardVertex {
-                position: tr.to_array(),
-                uv: [1.0, 0.0],
-            },
-            BillboardVertex {
-                position: br.to_array(),
-                uv: [1.0, 1.0],
-            },
-            BillboardVertex {
-                position: bl.to_array(),
-                uv: [0.0, 1.0],
-            },
+            BillboardVertex { position: tl.to_array(), uv: [0.0, 0.0] },
+            BillboardVertex { position: tr.to_array(), uv: [1.0, 0.0] },
+            BillboardVertex { position: br.to_array(), uv: [1.0, 1.0] },
+            BillboardVertex { position: bl.to_array(), uv: [0.0, 1.0] },
         ];
 
         let uniforms = BubbleUniforms {
@@ -103,7 +96,34 @@ pub fn dialog_bubble_render_system(
         };
 
         calls.push(BillboardDrawCall { vertices, uniforms });
+
+        let text = match world
+            .dialog_bubbles
+            .with(bubble_entity, |b| b.current_text.clone())
+        {
+            Some(t) => t,
+            None => continue,
+        };
+
+        let border_world = BORDER_W * BUBBLE_WIDTH.min(BUBBLE_HEIGHT * BODY_FRAC);
+        let inner_half_w = BUBBLE_WIDTH * 0.5 - border_world - TEXT_PADDING;
+        let inner_top_y = body_half_h - border_world - TEXT_PADDING;
+
+        let text_verts = with_font_atlas(|atlas| {
+            atlas.build_bubble_text(
+                &text,
+                anchor,
+                right,
+                up,
+                inner_half_w,
+                inner_top_y,
+                CHAR_WORLD_HEIGHT,
+                LINE_SPACING,
+            )
+        });
+
+        all_text.extend(text_verts);
     }
 
-    calls
+    (calls, all_text)
 }

src/systems/dialog_system.rs

@@ -107,8 +107,6 @@ fn spawn_bubble(world: &mut World, character_entity: EntityHandle)
             display_time,
         },
     );
-
-    println!("Dialog bubble spawned for character {character_entity}");
 }
 
 fn despawn_bubbles_for_character(world: &mut World, character_entity: EntityHandle)
@@ -136,7 +134,6 @@ fn despawn_bubbles_for_character(world: &mut World, character_entity: EntityHand
         }
 
         world.despawn(bubble_entity);
-        println!("Dialog bubble despawned for character {character_entity}");
     }
 }
 
@@ -216,11 +213,6 @@ fn tick_displaying_bubbles(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
             world.dialog_bubbles.with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
                 b.phase = DialogPhase::ProjectileInFlight { projectile_entity };
             });
-
-            println!(
-                "Dialog projectile spawned, correct parry: {:?}",
-                correct_parry
-            );
         }
     }
 }
@@ -282,19 +274,11 @@ fn process_outcomes(world: &mut World)
                         timer: display_time,
                     };
                 });
-                println!(
-                    "Dialog advanced: '{}'",
-                    world
-                        .dialog_bubbles
-                        .with(bubble_entity, |b| b.current_text.clone())
-                        .unwrap_or_default()
-                );
             }
 
             Some(None) =>
             {
                 world.despawn(bubble_entity);
-                println!("Dialog story finished");
             }
 
             None =>