docs: panopticon auto-update for snow_trail

.pi/skills/panopticon/SKILL.md

@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ Pure Rust retro-aesthetic 3D game using SDL3 windowing, wgpu rendering, and rapi
 
 - [Structure](structure.md) — modules, types, data flow, dependencies
 - [Guide](guide.md) — conventions, patterns, anti-patterns, testing
-- [Changelog](changelog.md) — recent changes, active areas, stability
+- [Changelog](changelog.md) — recent changes, active areas, stability

.pi/skills/panopticon/changelog.md

@@ -1,25 +1,32 @@
 # Changelog
 
-*Last updated: Friday, April 3, 2026*
+*Last updated: Tuesday, April 7, 2026*
 
 ## Active Areas
 
 | Area | Changes (30d) | Status |
 |------|---|---|
-| Main loop & systems | 9 churn | Active — intent-based architecture solidifying |
+| Main loop & systems | 9 churn | Active — explicit storage parameters |
 | Dialog system | 10 churn | Active — projectiles, camera, rendering |
 | Render core | 15 churn | Active — text pipeline, font atlas, globals |
 | World state | 8 churn | Active — intent storage, component management |
 | Player mechanics | 6 churn | Stable — character bundle, player states |
 | Shader system | 4 churn | Active — gizmo lines, dissolve, snow light |
+| Content pipeline | 1 churn | New — Blender export addon |
 
 ## Recent Changes
 
+### System Signature Refactor (Major)
+- **Completed**: All 16 systems refactored to take explicit `Storage<T>` parameters instead of `&World`/`&mut World`.
+- **Pattern**: Functions receive only storages they need (e.g., `camera_follow_system` takes `&Storage<FollowComponent>`, `&Storage<CameraComponent>`, `&mut Storage<Transform>`).
+- **Benefit**: Explicit data dependencies improve borrow checker clarity and code readability.
+- **Main loop** (`src/main.rs`): Updated to pass individual storage fields at call sites rather than whole `World` reference.
+- **Affected systems**: `camera_input_system`, `camera_intent_system`, `camera_follow_system`, `camera_noclip_system`, `camera_ground_clamp_system`, `dialog_camera_transition_system`, `dialog_camera_system`, `player_input_system`, `physics_sync_system`, `render_system`, `particle_intent_system`, `particle_update_system`, `trigger_system`, `dialog_system`, `dialog_projectile_system`, all state machines.
+
 ### Intent-Based Architecture
-- **Completed major refactor** (3 weeks ago): Systems now communicate through one-frame `Storage<T>` intents instead of direct function calls.
+- **Completed major refactor** (3 weeks ago): Systems communicate through one-frame `Storage<T>` intents instead of direct function calls.
-- **Intent types**: `FollowPlayerIntent`, `StopFollowingIntent`, `CameraTransitionIntent`, `SpawnParticleIntent`
+- **Intent types**: `FollowPlayerIntent`, `StopFollowingIntent`, `CameraTransitionIntent`, `SpawnParticleIntent`.
 - **Consumer pattern**: Systems read intents from world storage, act on them, then remove them. Producers don't import consumer modules.
-- **Documented pattern** in `docs/intent-based-architecture.md` with full execution order contract.
 
 ### Dialog System Suite
 - **Dialog state machine**: Ink-based story progression with display timer, projectile phases, parry mechanics.
@@ -33,51 +40,58 @@
 - **Vertex-based text**: Custom `TextVertex` (position, UV) fed into dedicated text pipeline with view-proj uniform.
 
 ### Particle System
-- **Intent-driven spawning**: `SpawnParticleIntent` queues particle emissions; `particle_intent_system` transfers into persistent `ParticleBuffers`.
+- **Intent-driven spawning**: `particle_intent_system` reads `spawn_particle_intents` Vec, transfers configs into persistent `ParticleBuffers`.
 - **Configurable emitters**: Burst count, lifetime range, speed range, directional spread (cone), gravity, size range, color gradient.
-- **Snow particle integration**: Spawned continuously at camera position for screen-fill effect.
+- **Snow particle integration**: Spawned continuously at camera position for screen-fill effect; `spawn_snow_particles` adds particles to `ParticleBuffers`.
 
 ### Render Pipeline
-- **Global renderer via thread-local**: `render::global` module centralizes `Device`/`Queue` access for loaders and systems; long-term goal is explicit `RenderContext` params.
+- **Global renderer via thread-local**: `render::global` module centralizes `Device`/`Queue` access for loaders and systems.
-- **Gizmo shader**: Fragment shader outputs world-normal as axis color (X=red, Y=green, Z=blue) for entity transform editing.
+- **Draw call generation**: `render_system` reads `entities`, `transforms`, `meshes`, `dissolves` storages; generates `DrawCall` per visible entity.
-- **Snow light accumulation**: Persistent texture tracking deformation; blue-noise dithering maps snow brightness into tile pattern (brightness > threshold → dither step).
+- **Gizmo shader**: Fragment shader outputs world-normal as axis color (X=red, Y=green, Z=blue).
+- **Snow light accumulation**: Persistent texture tracking deformation; blue-noise dithering maps snow brightness into tile pattern.
 - **Dissolve shader**: Blue-noise masked alpha cutoff; controlled by `enable_dissolve` uniform.
 
 ### Tree Occlusion & Instances
-- **Tree dissolve system**: Per-instance dissolve amounts lerp toward targets at configurable speed.
+- **Tree dissolve system**: Per-instance dissolve amounts lerp toward targets; updated via `tree_occlusion_system` which reads player transforms and cameras.
-- **Occlusion detection**: Instances between camera and player dissolve based on perpendicular distance to camera-to-player ray.
+- **Instance buffer sync**: `tree_instance_buffer_update_system` syncs dissolve state changes to GPU buffer after state updates.
-- **Instance buffer sync**: Tree instances updated into GPU buffer after dissolve state changes.
 
 ### Trigger & Event Flow
-- **Sphere-based triggers**: Continuous state tracking (Idle ↔ Inside); fires `TriggerEvent` with `Entered`/`Exited` kinds.
+- **Sphere-based triggers**: `trigger_system` runs each fixed step; reads `triggers`, `transforms`, `player_tags` storages; fires `TriggerEvent` with `Entered`/`Exited` kinds.
 - **Activation filtering**: `TriggerFilter::Player` specifies which entity types can activate.
-- **Event queue**: Events collected in `world.trigger_events` and consumed by dialog system to spawn bubbles.
+- **Event queue**: Events collected in `world.trigger_events` and consumed by `dialog_system` to spawn bubbles.
 
 ### Player State Machine
 - **State hierarchy**: Idle, Walking, Jumping, Falling, Leaping (dash), Rolling.
+- **Physics per-state**: `state_machine_physics_system` applies damping on enter (Idle), horizontal input application (Walking), vertical velocity control (Jumping).
 - **Transition logic**: Grounded checks, input presence, airtime duration.
-- **Physics per-state**: Damping on enter (Idle), horizontal input application (Walking), vertical velocity control (Jumping).
 
 ### Editor & Inspector
 - **Dear ImGui integration**: Inspector window with player state display, entity transform gizmos.
-- **Entity selection**: Right-click picking; gizmo renders for selected entity when editor active.
+- **Entity selection**: Right-click picking calls `picking::pick_entity` with ray; gizmo renders for selected entity when editor active.
 - **UI mode gating**: Systems check `editor.wants_keyboard()`/`wants_mouse()` to suppress game input during inspector focus.
 
+### Blender Export Addon
+- **Plugin**: `blender/addons/snow_trail_export.py` provides one-click glTF + EXR export from Blender 5.0.
+- **glTF operator** (`SNOWTRAIL_OT_export_gltf`): Exports selected mesh objects to `assets/meshes/{blend_filename}.gltf` with configurable modifiers, vertex colors, materials.
+- **Heightmap bake operator** (`SNOWTRAIL_OT_export_heightmap`): Calls `generate_heightmap.py` to bake terrain Z-position as 32-bit EXR to `assets/textures/terrain_heightmap.exr` (1024px default).
+- **UI panel**: "Snow Trail" category in 3D viewport; auto-discovers project root by walking directory tree until `assets/` and `blender/` found.
+
 ## Stability
 
 | Area | Last Changed | Status |
 |---|---|---|
 | Physics manager | 80+ days | Stable |
-| Camera follow | 30 days | Stable — intent system reduced coupling |
+| Camera follow | 30 days | Stable — now takes explicit storage params |
 | Movement component | 30+ days | Stable |
 | Mesh loader | 30+ days | Stable |
-| Spotlight sync | 30 days | Stable |
+| Spotlight sync | 30 days | Stable — explicit storage params applied |
-| State machine physics | 30 days | Stable — core transitions unchanged |
+| State machine physics | 30 days | Stable |
 | Debug colliders | 30+ days | Stable |
+| System signatures | New | Stable — refactor complete, no behavioral changes |
 
 ## Open Threads
 
-- **Global renderer thread-local**: Marked for gradual migration to explicit `RenderContext` parameters on systems/loaders. Current implementation works; refactor is low-priority.
+- **Global renderer thread-local**: Marked for gradual migration to explicit `RenderContext` parameters on systems/loaders.
-- **Text rendering completeness**: Font atlas + text pipeline in place; scaling and color support functional. No known issues.
+- **Dialog parry mechanics**: Gameplay tuning (PARRY_WINDOW_RADIUS, HIT_RADIUS) ongoing.
-- **Dialog parry mechanics**: Projectile system complete; integration with Ink outcomes working. Gameplay tuning (PARRY_WINDOW_RADIUS, HIT_RADIUS) ongoing.
+- **Tree occlusion performance**: Occlusion system runs every frame; no visibility culling yet. Scalability unknown for >100 trees.
-- **Tree occlusion performance**: Occlusion system runs every frame; no visibility culling yet. Scalability unknown for >100 trees.
+- **Heightmap bake normalization**: Exported EXR uses raw Z-coordinate; game may need per-level scale application.

.pi/skills/panopticon/guide.md

@@ -42,16 +42,24 @@ pub struct CameraTransitionIntent {
 }
 
 // systems/camera.rs - consumer
-pub fn camera_intent_system(world: &mut World) {
+pub fn camera_intent_system(
-    let transition_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = world.camera_transition_intents.all();
+    follow_player_intents: &mut Storage<FollowPlayerIntent>,
+    stop_following_intents: &mut Storage<StopFollowingIntent>,
+    camera_transition_intents: &mut Storage<CameraTransitionIntent>,
+    follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    camera_transitions: &mut Storage<CameraTransition>,
+) {
+    let transition_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = camera_transition_intents.all();
     for entity in transition_entities {
-        let duration = world
+        let duration = camera_transition_intents
-            .camera_transition_intents
             .get(entity)
             .map(|i| i.duration)
             .unwrap_or(0.5);
-        start_camera_transition(world, entity, duration);
+        start_camera_transition(camera_transitions, transforms, cameras, entity, duration);
-        world.camera_transition_intents.remove(entity);  // consumed
+        camera_transition_intents.remove(entity);
     }
 }
 ```
@@ -135,18 +143,17 @@ state_machine.add_transition::<IdleState, WalkingState>(move |world| {
 
 ```rust
 // systems/spotlight_sync.rs
-pub fn spotlight_sync_system(world: &World) -> Vec<Spotlight> {
+pub fn spotlight_sync_system(spotlights: &Storage<SpotlightComponent>, transforms: &Storage<Transform>) -> Vec<Spotlight> {
-    let mut spotlights = Vec::new();
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
-    for entity in world.spotlights.all() {
+    for entity in spotlights.all() {
-        // Closure captures immutably—safe to call multiple times
+        if let Some(spotlight_component) = spotlights.get(entity) {
-        if let Some(spotlight_component) = world.spotlights.get(entity) {
+            if let Some(transform) = transforms.get(entity) {
-            if let Some(transform) = world.transforms.get(entity) {
                 let position = transform.position + spotlight_component.offset;
-                spotlights.push(Spotlight::new(position, ..));
+                result.push(Spotlight::new(position, ..));
             }
         }
     }
-    spotlights
+    result
 }
 
 // With mutation
@@ -155,25 +162,46 @@ world.movements.with_mut(entity, |movement| {
 });
 ```
 
-### System Function Signature
+### System Function Signature (Explicit Storage Parameters)
-**Why**: Pass only the storages (or immutable `World`) that the system needs. Makes data dependencies explicit.
+**Why**: Pass only the specific storages (or read-only `&World`) that the system needs. Makes data dependencies explicit for the reader and borrow checker. **This is the standard pattern—all systems follow this.**
 
 ```rust
 // Good: explicit dependencies
-pub fn camera_follow_system(world: &mut World) {
+pub fn camera_follow_system(
-    let camera_entities: Vec<_> = world.follows.all();
+    follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+) {
+    let camera_entities: Vec<_> = follows.all();
     for camera_entity in camera_entities {
-        // Access what's needed
+        if let Some(follow) = follows.get(camera_entity) {
-        if let Some(follow) = world.follows.get(camera_entity) {
+            if let Some(camera) = cameras.get(camera_entity) {
-            world.transforms.with_mut(camera_entity, |t| {
+                transforms.with_mut(camera_entity, |t| {
-                t.position = target_position + new_offset;
+                    t.position = follow.target_position + new_offset;
-            });
+                });
+            }
         }
     }
 }
 
-// For read-only systems
+// Read-only system
-pub fn spotlight_sync_system(world: &World) -> Vec<Spotlight> { .. }
+pub fn spotlight_sync_system(spotlights: &Storage<SpotlightComponent>, transforms: &Storage<Transform>) -> Vec<Spotlight> { .. }
+
+// Dialog system example
+pub fn dialog_system(
+    entities: &mut EntityManager,
+    trigger_events: &[TriggerEvent],
+    dialog_sources: &Storage<DialogSourceComponent>,
+    bubble_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &mut Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    names: &mut Storage<String>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    projectile_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_projectiles: &mut Storage<DialogProjectileComponent>,
+    dialog_outcomes: &mut Vec<DialogOutcomeEvent>,
+    delta: f32,
+) { .. }
 ```
 
 ### Default Trait for Configuration Components
@@ -227,14 +255,14 @@ fn system_a(world: &mut World) {
 **Do this instead:**
 ```rust
 // ✅ Good: intent in queue, flat pipeline
-pub fn system_a(world: &mut World) {
+pub fn system_a(cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>) {
-    world.some_intents.insert(entity, MyIntent { .. });
+    cameras.insert(entity, CameraTransitionIntent { .. });
 }
 
-pub fn system_b(world: &mut World) {
+pub fn system_b(camera_transitions: &mut Storage<CameraTransition>) {
-    for entity in world.some_intents.all() {
+    for entity in camera_transitions.all() {
         // process
-        world.some_intents.remove(entity);
+        camera_transitions.remove(entity);
     }
 }
 ```
@@ -273,46 +301,24 @@ use crate::physics::PhysicsManager;
 let velocity = *PhysicsManager::with_rigidbody_mut(..);
 ```
 
-### Global or Context-Based Component Queries
-**Don't do this:**
-```rust
-// ❌ Bad: loses intent, repeats queries
-for entity in world.meshes.all() {
-    if let Some(mesh) = world.meshes.get(entity) { .. }
-}
-for entity in world.meshes.all() {
-    if let Some(mesh) = world.meshes.get(entity) { .. }
-}
-```
-
-**Do this instead:**
-```rust
-// ✅ Good: query once, iterate clearly
-let entities: Vec<_> = world.meshes.all();
-for entity in entities {
-    if let Some(mesh_comp) = world.meshes.get(entity) {
-        // process
-    }
-}
-```
-
 ### Overly Generic (World/&mut World) Parameters
 **Don't do this:**
 ```rust
-// ❌ Bad: implicit dependencies
+// ❌ Bad: implicit dependencies, breaks borrow checker
-fn update_position(world: &mut World, entity: EntityHandle) {
+pub fn camera_follow_system(world: &mut World) {
-    // What do we actually need?
+    // What storages do we actually need?
 }
 ```
 
 **Do this instead:**
 ```rust
-// ✅ Good: explicit dependencies
+// ✅ Good: explicit, focused dependencies
-fn update_position(
+pub fn camera_follow_system(
+    follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
     transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
-    entity: EntityHandle,
 ) {
-    transforms.with_mut(entity, |t| t.position.y += 1.0);
+    // Clear what data is needed
 }
 ```
 
@@ -351,4 +357,6 @@ cargo test -- --nocapture  # Show output
 - See **CLAUDE.md** in project root for authoritative style rules (no inline comments, doc comments for public APIs only)
 - See **docs/self-gating-systems.md** for detailed intent-based pipeline patterns
 - See `src/states/player_states.rs` for canonical State impl examples
-- See `src/bundles/player.rs` for complete Bundle pattern with state machine setup
+- See `src/bundles/player.rs` for complete Bundle pattern with state machine setup
+- See `src/systems/camera.rs` for canonical system function signatures with explicit storage parameters
+- See `src/systems/dialog_system.rs` for complex multi-storage system example

.pi/skills/panopticon/structure.md

@@ -25,16 +25,16 @@ Component types define entity data. Key storages:
 Per-entity state machine: `StateMachine` holds current `TypeId`, registered state types, and transitions. `State` trait defines lifecycle (`on_enter`, `on_physics_update`, `on_exit`). Transitions are condition predicates checked each update. Player entity uses this for locomotion states.
 
 ### `src/systems/`
-Flat list of update functions called in main loop. No cross-system coupling; all communication via world state and intents.
+Flat list of update functions called in main loop. Systems receive specific storage parameters (e.g., `&mut Storage<Transform>`, `&Storage<PhysicsComponent>`) instead of `&World`/`&mut World`. This makes data dependencies explicit for both borrow checker and reader. No cross-system coupling; all communication via world state and intents.
-- **Camera**: `camera_input_system` → generates intents; `camera_intent_system` consumes them; `camera_follow_system` (follows player), `camera_noclip_system`, `camera_transition_system`, `camera_ground_clamp_system`
+- **Camera**: `camera_input_system(cameras, follows, input_state)` → generates intents; `camera_intent_system(follow_player_intents, stop_following_intents, camera_transition_intents, ...)` consumes them; `camera_follow_system(follows, cameras, transforms)`, `camera_noclip_system(cameras, follows, transforms, input_state, delta)`, `camera_transition_system(camera_transitions, transforms, cameras, delta)`, `camera_ground_clamp_system(cameras, follows, transforms)`
-- **Input**: `player_input_system` reads SDL3 `InputState`, writes `InputComponent`
+- **Input**: `player_input_system(cameras, follows, player_tags, inputs, input_state)` reads SDL3 `InputState`, writes `InputComponent`
-- **Physics**: `state_machine_physics_system` (fixed-step), `PhysicsManager::physics_step()`, `physics_sync_system` (copies rapier bodies back to transforms), `trigger_system` (AABB overlap → events)
+- **Physics**: `state_machine_physics_system(&mut World, FIXED_TIMESTEP)` (fixed-step), `PhysicsManager::physics_step()`, `physics_sync_system(entities, physics, transforms)` copies rapier bodies back to transforms, `trigger_system(trigger_events, triggers, transforms, player_tags)` (AABB overlap → events)
-- **Dialog**: `dialog_system` (ticks story state), `dialog_projectile_system` (moves projectiles), `dialog_camera_system` (focuses camera on speaker), `dialog_bubble_render_system` (generates billboard/text draw calls)
+- **Dialog**: `dialog_system(entities, trigger_events, dialog_sources, bubble_tags, dialog_bubbles, transforms, names, player_tags, projectile_tags, dialog_projectiles, dialog_outcomes, delta)` ticks story state; `dialog_projectile_system(player_tags, transforms, projectile_tags, dialog_projectiles, spawn_particle_intents, dialog_outcomes, leaping_states, rolling_states, input_state)` moves projectiles; `dialog_camera_system(cameras, transforms, bubble_tags, player_pos, delta)` focuses camera on speaker; `dialog_bubble_render_system(transforms, dialog_bubbles, bubble_tags, camera_pos, view_proj)` generates billboard/text draw calls
-- **Rendering**: `render_system` collects `DrawCall` from meshes/transforms; `spotlight_sync_system` syncs light positions to shader uniform
+- **Rendering**: `render_system(entities, transforms, meshes, dissolves)` → `Vec<DrawCall>` from all meshes; snow layer adds clipmap draw calls; debug adds collider/gizmo calls; `spotlight_sync_system(spotlights, transforms)` syncs light positions to shader uniform
-- **State machine**: `state_machine_system` (per-frame), `state_machine_physics_system` (fixed-step) tick state lifecycle
+- **State machine**: `state_machine_system(&mut World, delta)` (per-frame), `state_machine_physics_system(&mut World, FIXED_TIMESTEP)` (fixed-step) tick state lifecycle
-- **Trees**: `tree_occlusion_system` (culls trees behind camera), `tree_dissolve_update_system` (animates dissolve), `tree_instance_buffer_update_system` (writes GPU buffer)
+- **Trees**: `tree_occlusion_system(player_tags, transforms, cameras, tree_instances)` culls trees behind camera; `tree_dissolve_update_system(tree_instances, delta)` animates dissolve; `tree_instance_buffer_update_system(tree_instances)` writes GPU buffer
-- **Snow**: `snow_system` deforms snow layer at physics contacts; `particle_intent_system`/`particle_update_system` manage particle emitters
+- **Snow**: `snow_system(cameras, transforms, player_tags, follows, snow_layer)` deforms snow layer at physics contacts; `particle_intent_system(particle_buffers, spawn_particle_intents)`/`particle_update_system(particle_buffers, delta)` manage particle emitters
-- **Rotate**: `rotate_system` rotates entities by delta
+- **Rotate**: `rotate_system(rotates, transforms, delta)` rotates entities by delta
 
 ### `src/bundles/`
 Factory functions to spawn pre-configured entity groups:
@@ -90,26 +90,26 @@ Utility modules: ray casting for mouse pick, fullscreen blit/framebuffer downsam
 
 1. **Initialization** (`main.rs` `init()`): SDL3 window → wgpu renderer (Vulkan) → World creation → load scene (Space from glTF) → spawn bundles (player, terrain, camera, lights) → initialize physics
 2. **Main loop** (`main.rs` `main()` with 60 Hz fixed physics + variable-rate graphics):
-   - **Per-frame** (delta): Input events → `player_input_system` (fills `InputComponent`) + `camera_input_system` (generates intents)
+   - **Per-frame** (delta): Input events → `player_input_system(cameras, follows, player_tags, inputs, input_state)` (fills `InputComponent`) + `camera_input_system(cameras, follows, input_state)` (generates intents)
-   - **Intent processing**: `camera_intent_system` consumes intents, updates `CameraComponent`/`CameraTransition`
+   - **Intent processing**: `camera_intent_system(follow_player_intents, stop_following_intents, camera_transition_intents, follows, transforms, cameras, player_tags, camera_transitions)` consumes intents, updates `CameraComponent`/`CameraTransition`
-   - **Camera systems**: follow player, noclip, transition, clamp to ground
+   - **Camera systems**: `camera_follow_system(follows, cameras, transforms)` follows player; `camera_noclip_system(cameras, follows, transforms, input_state, delta)` noclip mode; `camera_transition_system(camera_transitions, transforms, cameras, delta)` animated transitions; `camera_ground_clamp_system(cameras, follows, transforms)` clamps to ground
    - **Fixed physics** (1/60s accumulator):
-     - `state_machine_physics_system`: tick state's `on_physics_update()`
+     - `state_machine_physics_system(&mut World, FIXED_TIMESTEP)`: tick state's `on_physics_update()`
      - `PhysicsManager::physics_step()`: rapier integration
-     - `physics_sync_system`: copy rigidbody poses to `Transform`
+     - `physics_sync_system(entities, physics, transforms)`: copy rigidbody poses to `Transform`
-     - `trigger_system`: detect collisions, emit events
+     - `trigger_system(trigger_events, triggers, transforms, player_tags)`: detect collisions, emit events
-     - `dialog_system`, `dialog_projectile_system`: Ink story tick, projectile movement
+     - `dialog_system(entities, trigger_events, dialog_sources, bubble_tags, dialog_bubbles, transforms, names, player_tags, projectile_tags, dialog_projectiles, dialog_outcomes, delta)` ticks story state; `dialog_projectile_system(player_tags, transforms, projectile_tags, dialog_projectiles, spawn_particle_intents, dialog_outcomes, leaping_states, rolling_states, input_state)` moves projectiles
-   - **Per-frame systems**: `state_machine_system` (non-physics update), rotate, particle, tree dissolve, snow deformation, spotlight sync
+   - **Per-frame systems**: `state_machine_system(&mut World, delta)` ticks state lifecycle; `rotate_system(rotates, transforms, delta)` rotates entities; `particle_intent_system(particle_buffers, spawn_particle_intents)`/`particle_update_system(particle_buffers, delta)` manage particles; `tree_occlusion_system(player_tags, transforms, cameras, tree_instances)` culls; `tree_dissolve_update_system(tree_instances, delta)`/`tree_instance_buffer_update_system(tree_instances)` updates dissolve; `snow_system(cameras, transforms, player_tags, follows, snow_layer)` deforms snow; `spotlight_sync_system(spotlights, transforms)` syncs lights
-   - **Render collection**: `render_system` → `Vec<DrawCall>` from all meshes; snow layer adds clipmap draw calls; debug adds collider/gizmo calls
+   - **Render collection**: `render_system(entities, transforms, meshes, dissolves)` → `Vec<DrawCall>` from all meshes; snow layer adds clipmap draw calls; debug adds collider/gizmo calls
    - **Submission**: `submit_frame()` renders draw calls, dialog bubbles/text, particles to framebuffer; blit to screen; optional ImGui overlay
-3. **Frame cleanup**: `InputState::clear_just_pressed()` (flags reset for next frame)
+3. **Frame cleanup**: `InputState::clear_just_pressed()` resets one-frame flags
 
 ## Key Types
 
 | Type | Module | Description |
 |------|--------|-------------|
 | `EntityHandle` | entity | u64 opaque entity ID |
-| `Storage<T>` | world | HashMap storage for per-entity component data |
+| `Storage<T>` | world | HashMap storage for per-entity component data; exposes `.get()`, `.get_mut()`, `.with_mut()`, `.all()` methods |
 | `World` | world | ECS container: entities, 20+ storages, intent queues, singleton state |
 | `Transform` | utility/transform | Position (Vec3), rotation (Quat), scale (Vec3); matrix conversions |
 | `StateMachine` | states/state | Per-entity state machine: current state TypeId, registered states, transitions |
@@ -146,10 +146,10 @@ Utility modules: ray casting for mouse pick, fullscreen blit/framebuffer downsam
 
 ## Dependencies
 
-- **Engine**: wgpu (GPU), rapier3d (physics), glam (math), nalgebra (nalgebra for physics conversions), SDL3 (windowing/input)
+- **Engine**: wgpu (GPU), rapier3d (physics), glam (math), nalgebra (physics conversions), SDL3 (windowing/input)
 - **Content**: bladeink (Ink story scripting), image crate (EXR heightmaps), gltf (scene loading)
 - **Editor**: Dear ImGui via imgui crate + SDL3 integration
-- **Internal**: All systems read/write `World`; systems are called in fixed sequence from main loop; no circular dependencies
+- **Internal**: All systems take explicit storage parameters from `World`; systems are called in fixed sequence from main loop; no circular dependencies
 - **Thread-local singletons**: `Renderer` (render/global.rs), `PhysicsManager` (physics.rs), `GLOBAL_RENDERER`, `GLOBAL_PHYSICS`
 
 ## Initialization Order

src/main.rs

@@ -305,7 +305,11 @@ fn toggle_editor(game: &mut Game)
 
 fn handle_editor_pick(game: &mut Game, x: f32, y: f32)
 {
-    let view = match camera_view_matrix(&game.world)
+    let view = match camera_view_matrix(
+        &game.world.cameras,
+        &game.world.transforms,
+        &game.world.follows,
+    )
     {
         Some(v) => v,
         None => return,
@@ -340,7 +344,11 @@ fn submit_frame(
         Some(t) => t,
         None => return,
     };
-    let view = match camera_view_matrix(&game.world)
+    let view = match camera_view_matrix(
+        &game.world.cameras,
+        &game.world.transforms,
+        &game.world.follows,
+    )
     {
         Some(v) => v,
         None => return,
@@ -350,8 +358,13 @@ fn submit_frame(
     let view_proj = projection * view;
     let player_pos = game.world.player_position();
 
-    let (billboard_calls, text_vertices) =
+    let (billboard_calls, text_vertices) = dialog_bubble_render_system(
-        dialog_bubble_render_system(&game.world, camera_transform.position, view_proj);
+        &game.world.transforms,
+        &game.world.dialog_bubbles,
+        &game.world.bubble_tags,
+        camera_transform.position,
+        view_proj,
+    );
 
     let frame = render::render(
         &view,
@@ -414,17 +427,67 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>
         }
 
         // --- intent generation ---
-        camera_input_system(&mut game.world, &game.input_state);
+        camera_input_system(
-        player_input_system(&mut game.world, &game.input_state);
+            &mut game.world.cameras,
-        dialog_camera_transition_system(&mut game.world, game.camera_entity);
+            &game.world.follows,
+            &game.input_state,
+        );
+        player_input_system(
+            &game.world.cameras,
+            &game.world.follows,
+            &game.world.player_tags,
+            &mut game.world.inputs,
+            &game.input_state,
+        );
+        dialog_camera_transition_system(
+            &game.world.bubble_tags,
+            &mut game.world.camera_transition_intents,
+            &mut game.world.was_dialog_active,
+            game.camera_entity,
+        );
 
         // --- intent processing + camera ---
-        camera_intent_system(&mut game.world);
+        camera_intent_system(
-        camera_noclip_system(&mut game.world, &game.input_state, delta);
+            &mut game.world.follow_player_intents,
-        dialog_camera_system(&mut game.world, delta);
+            &mut game.world.stop_following_intents,
-        camera_follow_system(&mut game.world);
+            &mut game.world.camera_transition_intents,
-        camera_transition_system(&mut game.world, delta);
+            &mut game.world.follows,
-        camera_ground_clamp_system(&mut game.world);
+            &mut game.world.transforms,
+            &mut game.world.cameras,
+            &game.world.player_tags,
+            &mut game.world.camera_transitions,
+        );
+        camera_noclip_system(
+            &game.world.cameras,
+            &game.world.follows,
+            &mut game.world.transforms,
+            &game.input_state,
+            delta,
+        );
+        let player_pos = game.world.player_position();
+        dialog_camera_system(
+            &mut game.world.cameras,
+            &mut game.world.transforms,
+            &game.world.bubble_tags,
+            player_pos,
+            delta,
+        );
+        camera_follow_system(
+            &mut game.world.follows,
+            &game.world.cameras,
+            &mut game.world.transforms,
+        );
+        camera_transition_system(
+            &mut game.world.camera_transitions,
+            &mut game.world.transforms,
+            &mut game.world.cameras,
+            delta,
+        );
+        camera_ground_clamp_system(
+            &game.world.cameras,
+            &game.world.follows,
+            &mut game.world.transforms,
+        );
 
         // --- editor overlay ---
         if game.editor.active
@@ -444,10 +507,42 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>
         {
             state_machine_physics_system(&mut game.world, FIXED_TIMESTEP);
             PhysicsManager::physics_step();
-            physics_sync_system(&mut game.world);
+            physics_sync_system(
-            trigger_system(&mut game.world);
+                &game.world.entities,
-            dialog_system(&mut game.world, FIXED_TIMESTEP);
+                &game.world.physics,
-            dialog_projectile_system(&mut game.world, &game.input_state);
+                &mut game.world.transforms,
+            );
+            trigger_system(
+                &mut game.world.trigger_events,
+                &mut game.world.triggers,
+                &game.world.transforms,
+                &game.world.player_tags,
+            );
+            dialog_system(
+                &mut game.world.entities,
+                &game.world.trigger_events,
+                &game.world.dialog_sources,
+                &mut game.world.bubble_tags,
+                &mut game.world.dialog_bubbles,
+                &mut game.world.transforms,
+                &mut game.world.names,
+                &game.world.player_tags,
+                &mut game.world.projectile_tags,
+                &mut game.world.dialog_projectiles,
+                &mut game.world.dialog_outcomes,
+                FIXED_TIMESTEP,
+            );
+            dialog_projectile_system(
+                &game.world.player_tags,
+                &mut game.world.transforms,
+                &mut game.world.projectile_tags,
+                &mut game.world.dialog_projectiles,
+                &mut game.world.spawn_particle_intents,
+                &mut game.world.dialog_outcomes,
+                &game.world.leaping_states,
+                &game.world.rolling_states,
+                &game.input_state,
+            );
             game.physics_accumulator -= FIXED_TIMESTEP;
         }
 
@@ -455,19 +550,33 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>
 
         // --- per-frame systems ---
         state_machine_system(&mut game.world, delta);
-        rotate_system(&mut game.world, delta);
+        rotate_system(&game.world.rotates, &mut game.world.transforms, delta);
 
-        tree_occlusion_system(&mut game.world);
+        tree_occlusion_system(
-        tree_dissolve_update_system(&mut game.world, delta);
+            &game.world.player_tags,
-        tree_instance_buffer_update_system(&mut game.world);
+            &game.world.transforms,
+            &game.world.cameras,
+            &mut game.world.tree_instances,
+        );
+        tree_dissolve_update_system(&mut game.world.tree_instances, delta);
+        tree_instance_buffer_update_system(&game.world.tree_instances);
 
-        let spotlights = spotlight_sync_system(&game.world);
+        let spotlights = spotlight_sync_system(&game.world.spotlights, &game.world.transforms);
         render::update_spotlights(spotlights);
 
-        snow_system(&mut game.world);
+        snow_system(
+            &game.world.cameras,
+            &game.world.transforms,
+            &game.world.player_tags,
+            &game.world.follows,
+            &mut game.world.snow_layer,
+        );
 
-        particle_intent_system(&mut game.world);
+        particle_intent_system(
-        particle_update_system(&mut game.world, delta);
+            &mut game.world.particle_buffers,
+            &mut game.world.spawn_particle_intents,
+        );
+        particle_update_system(&mut game.world.particle_buffers, delta);
         let particle_cam_pos = game.world.active_camera_position();
         if let Some(ref mut buffers) = game.world.particle_buffers
         {
@@ -475,7 +584,12 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>
         }
 
         // --- draw call collection ---
-        let mut draw_calls = render_system(&game.world);
+        let mut draw_calls = render_system(
+            &game.world.entities,
+            &game.world.transforms,
+            &game.world.meshes,
+            &game.world.dissolves,
+        );
         if let Some(ref snow_layer) = game.world.snow_layer
         {
             draw_calls.extend(snow_layer.get_draw_calls());

src/systems/camera.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,32 @@
 use glam::Vec3;
 
-use crate::components::camera::CameraTransition;
+use crate::components::camera::{CameraComponent, CameraTransition};
+use crate::components::intent::{CameraTransitionIntent, FollowPlayerIntent, StopFollowingIntent};
 use crate::components::FollowComponent;
 use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
 use crate::physics::PhysicsManager;
 use crate::utility::input::InputState;
-use crate::world::{Transform, World};
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
 const CAMERA_GROUND_OFFSET: f32 = 2.0;
 
-pub fn camera_view_matrix(world: &World) -> Option<glam::Mat4>
+pub fn camera_view_matrix(
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+    follows: &Storage<FollowComponent>,
+) -> Option<glam::Mat4>
 {
-    let (camera_entity, camera_component) = world.active_camera()?;
+    let (camera_entity, camera_component) = cameras
-    let camera_transform = world.transforms.get(camera_entity)?;
+        .components
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
+        .map(|(e, c)| (*e, c))?;
+    let camera_transform = transforms.get(camera_entity)?;
 
-    if let Some(follow) = world.follows.get(camera_entity)
+    if let Some(follow) = follows.get(camera_entity)
     {
-        if let Some(target_transform) = world.transforms.get(follow.target)
+        if let Some(target_transform) = transforms.get(follow.target)
         {
             return Some(glam::Mat4::look_at_rh(
                 camera_transform.position,
@@ -35,13 +45,17 @@ pub fn camera_view_matrix(world: &World) -> Option<glam::Mat4>
     ))
 }
 
-pub fn camera_input_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
+pub fn camera_input_system(
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    follows: &Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    input_state: &InputState,
+)
 {
-    let cameras: Vec<_> = world.cameras.all();
+    let camera_entities: Vec<_> = cameras.all();
 
-    for camera_entity in cameras
+    for camera_entity in camera_entities
     {
-        if let Some(camera) = world.cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
+        if let Some(camera) = cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
         {
             if !camera.is_active
             {
@@ -50,7 +64,7 @@ pub fn camera_input_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
 
             if input_state.mouse_delta.0.abs() > 0.0 || input_state.mouse_delta.1.abs() > 0.0
             {
-                let is_following = world.follows.get(camera_entity).is_some();
+                let is_following = follows.get(camera_entity).is_some();
 
                 camera.yaw += input_state.mouse_delta.0 * 0.0008;
 
@@ -71,49 +85,61 @@ pub fn camera_input_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
     }
 }
 
-pub fn camera_intent_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn camera_intent_system(
+    follow_player_intents: &mut Storage<FollowPlayerIntent>,
+    stop_following_intents: &mut Storage<StopFollowingIntent>,
+    camera_transition_intents: &mut Storage<CameraTransitionIntent>,
+    follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    camera_transitions: &mut Storage<CameraTransition>,
+)
 {
-    let follow_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = world.follow_player_intents.all();
+    let follow_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = follow_player_intents.all();
     for entity in follow_entities
     {
-        start_camera_following(world, entity);
+        start_camera_following(follows, transforms, cameras, player_tags, entity);
-        world.follow_player_intents.remove(entity);
+        follow_player_intents.remove(entity);
     }
 
-    let stop_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = world.stop_following_intents.all();
+    let stop_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = stop_following_intents.all();
     for entity in stop_entities
     {
-        stop_camera_following(world, entity);
+        stop_camera_following(follows, transforms, cameras, entity);
-        world.stop_following_intents.remove(entity);
+        stop_following_intents.remove(entity);
     }
 
-    let transition_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = world.camera_transition_intents.all();
+    let transition_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = camera_transition_intents.all();
     for entity in transition_entities
     {
-        let duration = world
+        let duration = camera_transition_intents
-            .camera_transition_intents
             .get(entity)
             .map(|i| i.duration)
             .unwrap_or(0.5);
-        start_camera_transition(world, entity, duration);
+        start_camera_transition(camera_transitions, transforms, cameras, entity, duration);
-        world.camera_transition_intents.remove(entity);
+        camera_transition_intents.remove(entity);
     }
 }
 
-pub fn camera_follow_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn camera_follow_system(
+    follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+)
 {
-    let camera_entities: Vec<_> = world.follows.all();
+    let camera_entities: Vec<_> = follows.all();
 
     for camera_entity in camera_entities
     {
-        if let Some(camera) = world.cameras.get(camera_entity)
+        if let Some(camera) = cameras.get(camera_entity)
         {
-            if let Some(follow) = world.follows.get(camera_entity)
+            if let Some(follow) = follows.get(camera_entity)
             {
                 let target_entity = follow.target;
                 let offset = follow.offset.position;
 
-                if let Some(target_transform) = world.transforms.get(target_entity)
+                if let Some(target_transform) = transforms.get(target_entity)
                 {
                     let target_position = target_transform.position;
                     let distance = offset.length();
@@ -126,13 +152,11 @@ pub fn camera_follow_system(world: &mut World)
 
                     let new_offset = Vec3::new(offset_x, offset_y, offset_z);
 
-                    world
+                    transforms.with_mut(camera_entity, |camera_transform| {
-                        .transforms
+                        camera_transform.position = target_position + new_offset;
-                        .with_mut(camera_entity, |camera_transform| {
+                    });
-                            camera_transform.position = target_position + new_offset;
-                        });
 
-                    world.follows.components.get_mut(&camera_entity).map(|f| {
+                    follows.components.get_mut(&camera_entity).map(|f| {
                         f.offset.position = new_offset;
                     });
                 }
@@ -141,23 +165,29 @@ pub fn camera_follow_system(world: &mut World)
     }
 }
 
-pub fn camera_noclip_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState, delta: f32)
+pub fn camera_noclip_system(
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    follows: &Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    input_state: &InputState,
+    delta: f32,
+)
 {
     if !input_state.mouse_captured
     {
         return;
     }
 
-    let cameras: Vec<_> = world.cameras.all();
+    let camera_entities: Vec<_> = cameras.all();
 
-    for camera_entity in cameras
+    for camera_entity in camera_entities
     {
-        if world.follows.get(camera_entity).is_some()
+        if follows.get(camera_entity).is_some()
         {
             continue;
         }
 
-        if let Some(camera) = world.cameras.get(camera_entity)
+        if let Some(camera) = cameras.get(camera_entity)
         {
             if !camera.is_active
             {
@@ -201,7 +231,7 @@ pub fn camera_noclip_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState, delta:
                 speed *= 10.0;
             }
 
-            if let Some(camera_transform) = world.transforms.get_mut(camera_entity)
+            if let Some(camera_transform) = transforms.get_mut(camera_entity)
             {
                 camera_transform.position += forward * input_vec.z * speed;
                 camera_transform.position += right * input_vec.x * speed;
@@ -211,28 +241,34 @@ pub fn camera_noclip_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState, delta:
     }
 }
 
-fn start_camera_following(world: &mut World, camera_entity: crate::entity::EntityHandle)
+fn start_camera_following(
+    follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    camera_entity: EntityHandle,
+)
 {
-    if let Some(camera_transform) = world.transforms.get(camera_entity)
+    if let Some(camera_transform) = transforms.get(camera_entity)
     {
-        let player_entities = world.player_tags.all();
+        let player_entities = player_tags.all();
         if let Some(&player_entity) = player_entities.first()
         {
-            if let Some(target_transform) = world.transforms.get(player_entity)
+            if let Some(target_transform) = transforms.get(player_entity)
             {
                 let offset = camera_transform.position - target_transform.position;
                 let distance = offset.length();
 
                 if distance > 0.0
                 {
-                    if let Some(camera) = world.cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
+                    if let Some(camera) = cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
                     {
                         camera.pitch = (offset.y / distance).asin();
                         camera.yaw = offset.z.atan2(offset.x) + std::f32::consts::PI;
                     }
                 }
 
-                world.follows.insert(
+                follows.insert(
                     camera_entity,
                     FollowComponent {
                         target: player_entity,
@@ -246,20 +282,25 @@ fn start_camera_following(world: &mut World, camera_entity: crate::entity::Entit
     }
 }
 
-fn stop_camera_following(world: &mut World, camera_entity: crate::entity::EntityHandle)
+fn stop_camera_following(
+    follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    camera_entity: EntityHandle,
+)
 {
-    if let Some(follow) = world.follows.get(camera_entity)
+    if let Some(follow) = follows.get(camera_entity)
     {
         let target_entity = follow.target;
 
-        if let Some(camera_transform) = world.transforms.get(camera_entity)
+        if let Some(camera_transform) = transforms.get(camera_entity)
         {
-            if let Some(target_transform) = world.transforms.get(target_entity)
+            if let Some(target_transform) = transforms.get(target_entity)
             {
                 let look_direction =
                     (target_transform.position - camera_transform.position).normalize();
 
-                if let Some(camera) = world.cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
+                if let Some(camera) = cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
                 {
                     camera.yaw = look_direction.z.atan2(look_direction.x);
                     camera.pitch = look_direction.y.asin();
@@ -267,24 +308,34 @@ fn stop_camera_following(world: &mut World, camera_entity: crate::entity::Entity
             }
         }
 
-        world.follows.remove(camera_entity);
+        follows.remove(camera_entity);
     }
 }
 
-pub fn camera_ground_clamp_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn camera_ground_clamp_system(
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    follows: &Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+)
 {
-    let Some((camera_entity, _)) = world.active_camera()
+    let camera_entity = cameras
+        .components
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
+        .map(|(e, _)| *e);
+
+    let Some(camera_entity) = camera_entity
     else
     {
         return;
     };
 
-    if world.follows.get(camera_entity).is_none()
+    if follows.get(camera_entity).is_none()
     {
         return;
     }
 
-    world.transforms.with_mut(camera_entity, |t| {
+    transforms.with_mut(camera_entity, |t| {
         let ground_y =
             PhysicsManager::get_terrain_height_at(t.position.x, t.position.z).unwrap_or(0.0);
         let min_y = ground_y + CAMERA_GROUND_OFFSET;
@@ -295,9 +346,15 @@ pub fn camera_ground_clamp_system(world: &mut World)
     });
 }
 
-fn start_camera_transition(world: &mut World, camera_entity: EntityHandle, duration: f32)
+fn start_camera_transition(
+    camera_transitions: &mut Storage<CameraTransition>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    camera_entity: EntityHandle,
+    duration: f32,
+)
 {
-    let Some(camera) = world.cameras.get(camera_entity)
+    let Some(camera) = cameras.get(camera_entity)
     else
     {
         return;
@@ -306,12 +363,11 @@ fn start_camera_transition(world: &mut World, camera_entity: EntityHandle, durat
     let source_yaw = camera.yaw;
     let source_pitch = camera.pitch;
 
-    let source_position = world
+    let source_position = transforms
-        .transforms
         .with(camera_entity, |t| t.position)
         .unwrap_or(Vec3::ZERO);
 
-    world.camera_transitions.insert(
+    camera_transitions.insert(
         camera_entity,
         CameraTransition {
             source_position,
@@ -323,14 +379,19 @@ fn start_camera_transition(world: &mut World, camera_entity: EntityHandle, durat
     );
 }
 
-pub fn camera_transition_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
+pub fn camera_transition_system(
+    camera_transitions: &mut Storage<CameraTransition>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    delta: f32,
+)
 {
-    let entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = world.camera_transitions.all();
+    let entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = camera_transitions.all();
 
     for entity in entities
     {
         let finished = {
-            let Some(transition) = world.camera_transitions.get_mut(entity)
+            let Some(transition) = camera_transitions.get_mut(entity)
             else
             {
                 continue;
@@ -345,11 +406,11 @@ pub fn camera_transition_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
             let source_pitch = transition.source_pitch;
             let finished = t >= 1.0;
 
-            world.transforms.with_mut(entity, |transform| {
+            transforms.with_mut(entity, |transform| {
                 transform.position = source_position.lerp(transform.position, t);
             });
 
-            if let Some(camera) = world.cameras.get_mut(entity)
+            if let Some(camera) = cameras.get_mut(entity)
             {
                 camera.yaw = lerp_angle(source_yaw, camera.yaw, t);
                 camera.pitch = source_pitch + (camera.pitch - source_pitch) * t;
@@ -357,13 +418,12 @@ pub fn camera_transition_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
 
             if !finished
             {
-                if let Some(transition) = world.camera_transitions.get_mut(entity)
+                if let Some(transition) = camera_transitions.get_mut(entity)
                 {
-                    let pos = world
+                    let pos = transforms
-                        .transforms
                         .with(entity, |tr| tr.position)
                         .unwrap_or(Vec3::ZERO);
-                    let cam = world.cameras.get(entity);
+                    let cam = cameras.get(entity);
                     transition.source_position = pos;
                     if let Some(cam) = cam
                     {
@@ -378,7 +438,7 @@ pub fn camera_transition_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
 
         if finished
         {
-            world.camera_transitions.remove(entity);
+            camera_transitions.remove(entity);
         }
     }
 }

src/systems/dialog_camera.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,23 @@
 use glam::Vec3;
 
+use crate::components::camera::CameraComponent;
 use crate::components::intent::CameraTransitionIntent;
 use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn dialog_camera_transition_system(world: &mut World, camera_entity: EntityHandle)
+pub fn dialog_camera_transition_system(
+    bubble_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    camera_transition_intents: &mut Storage<CameraTransitionIntent>,
+    was_dialog_active: &mut bool,
+    camera_entity: EntityHandle,
+)
 {
-    let dialog_active = !world.bubble_tags.all().is_empty();
+    let dialog_active = !bubble_tags.all().is_empty();
-    if dialog_active != world.was_dialog_active
+    if dialog_active != *was_dialog_active
     {
-        world
+        camera_transition_intents.insert(camera_entity, CameraTransitionIntent { duration: 0.8 });
-            .camera_transition_intents
+        *was_dialog_active = dialog_active;
-            .insert(camera_entity, CameraTransitionIntent { duration: 0.8 });
-        world.was_dialog_active = dialog_active;
     }
 }
 
@@ -21,21 +26,30 @@ const VERTICAL_BIAS: f32 = 0.4;
 const MIN_DISTANCE: f32 = 8.0;
 const MAX_DISTANCE: f32 = 24.0;
 
-pub fn dialog_camera_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
+pub fn dialog_camera_system(
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    bubble_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    player_pos: Vec3,
+    delta: f32,
+)
 {
-    let Some((camera_entity, _)) = world.active_camera()
+    let camera_entity = cameras
+        .components
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
+        .map(|(e, _)| *e);
+
+    let Some(camera_entity) = camera_entity
     else
     {
         return;
     };
 
-    let player_pos = world.player_position();
+    let bubble_positions: Vec<Vec3> = bubble_tags
-
-    let bubble_positions: Vec<Vec3> = world
-        .bubble_tags
         .all()
         .iter()
-        .filter_map(|&bubble| world.transforms.with(bubble, |t| t.position))
+        .filter_map(|&bubble| transforms.with(bubble, |t| t.position))
         .collect();
 
     if bubble_positions.is_empty()
@@ -63,20 +77,19 @@ pub fn dialog_camera_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
     let target_camera_pos =
         centroid + camera_back_dir * camera_distance + Vec3::Y * camera_distance * VERTICAL_BIAS;
 
-    let current_camera_pos = world
+    let current_camera_pos = transforms
-        .transforms
         .with(camera_entity, |t| t.position)
         .unwrap_or(target_camera_pos);
 
     let smoothed = current_camera_pos.lerp(target_camera_pos, (CAMERA_LAG * delta).min(1.0));
 
-    world.transforms.with_mut(camera_entity, |t| {
+    transforms.with_mut(camera_entity, |t| {
         t.position = smoothed;
     });
 
     let look_target = centroid;
 
-    if let Some(camera) = world.cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
+    if let Some(camera) = cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
     {
         let look_dir = (look_target - smoothed).normalize_or(-Vec3::Z);
         camera.yaw = look_dir.z.atan2(look_dir.x);

src/systems/dialog_projectile.rs

@@ -2,39 +2,53 @@ use std::f32::consts::PI;
 
 use glam::Vec3;
 
-use crate::components::dialog::{DialogOutcome, DialogOutcomeEvent, ParryButton};
+use crate::components::dialog::{
+    DialogOutcome, DialogOutcomeEvent, DialogProjectileComponent, ParryButton,
+};
 use crate::components::particle::{ParticleEmitterConfig, SpawnParticleIntent};
+use crate::components::player_states::{LeapingState, RollingState};
 use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
 use crate::utility::input::InputState;
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
 const PROJECTILE_SPEED: f32 = 6.0;
 const PARRY_WINDOW_RADIUS: f32 = 3.5;
 const HIT_RADIUS: f32 = 1.2;
 
-pub fn dialog_projectile_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
+pub fn dialog_projectile_system(
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    projectile_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_projectiles: &mut Storage<DialogProjectileComponent>,
+    spawn_particle_intents: &mut Vec<SpawnParticleIntent>,
+    dialog_outcomes: &mut Vec<DialogOutcomeEvent>,
+    leaping_states: &Storage<LeapingState>,
+    rolling_states: &Storage<RollingState>,
+    input_state: &InputState,
+)
 {
-    let player_entity = world.player_tags.all().into_iter().next();
+    let player_entity = player_tags.all().into_iter().next();
     let Some(player_entity) = player_entity
     else
     {
         return;
     };
 
-    let player_pos = world
+    let player_pos = transforms
-        .transforms
         .with(player_entity, |t| t.position)
         .unwrap_or(Vec3::ZERO);
 
-    let player_is_evading = is_player_evading(world, player_entity);
+    let player_is_evading =
+        leaping_states.get(player_entity).is_some() || rolling_states.get(player_entity).is_some();
 
-    let projectiles: Vec<EntityHandle> = world.projectile_tags.all();
+    let projectiles: Vec<EntityHandle> = projectile_tags.all();
     let mut outcomes: Vec<DialogOutcomeEvent> = Vec::new();
     let mut to_despawn: Vec<EntityHandle> = Vec::new();
 
     for proj_entity in projectiles
     {
-        let proj_pos = match world.transforms.with(proj_entity, |t| t.position)
+        let proj_pos = match transforms.with(proj_entity, |t| t.position)
         {
             Some(p) => p,
             None => continue,
@@ -43,17 +57,20 @@ pub fn dialog_projectile_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
         let to_player = player_pos - proj_pos;
         let distance = to_player.length();
 
-        let window_open = world
+        let window_open = dialog_projectiles
-            .dialog_projectiles
             .with(proj_entity, |p| p.parry_window_open)
             .unwrap_or(false);
 
         if window_open
         {
-            if let Some(outcome) = resolve_parry(world, proj_entity, input_state, player_is_evading)
+            if let Some(outcome) = resolve_parry(
+                dialog_projectiles,
+                proj_entity,
+                input_state,
+                player_is_evading,
+            )
             {
-                let bubble_entity = world
+                let bubble_entity = dialog_projectiles
-                    .dialog_projectiles
                     .with(proj_entity, |p| p.bubble_entity)
                     .unwrap();
                 outcomes.push(DialogOutcomeEvent {
@@ -67,8 +84,7 @@ pub fn dialog_projectile_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
 
         if distance < HIT_RADIUS
         {
-            let bubble_entity = world
+            let bubble_entity = dialog_projectiles
-                .dialog_projectiles
                 .with(proj_entity, |p| p.bubble_entity)
                 .unwrap();
             let outcome = if player_is_evading
@@ -89,7 +105,7 @@ pub fn dialog_projectile_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
 
         if distance < PARRY_WINDOW_RADIUS
         {
-            world.dialog_projectiles.with_mut(proj_entity, |p| {
+            dialog_projectiles.with_mut(proj_entity, |p| {
                 p.parry_window_open = true;
             });
         }
@@ -103,14 +119,14 @@ pub fn dialog_projectile_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
             Vec3::ZERO
         };
 
-        world.transforms.with_mut(proj_entity, |t| {
+        transforms.with_mut(proj_entity, |t| {
             t.position += direction * PROJECTILE_SPEED * (1.0 / 60.0);
         });
 
-        let proj_pos = world.transforms.with(proj_entity, |t| t.position);
+        let proj_pos = transforms.with(proj_entity, |t| t.position);
         if let Some(pos) = proj_pos
         {
-            world.spawn_particle_intents.push(SpawnParticleIntent {
+            spawn_particle_intents.push(SpawnParticleIntent {
                 origin: pos,
                 config: projectile_swarm_config(),
             });
@@ -119,14 +135,16 @@ pub fn dialog_projectile_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
 
     for entity in to_despawn
     {
-        world.despawn(entity);
+        transforms.remove(entity);
+        projectile_tags.remove(entity);
+        dialog_projectiles.remove(entity);
     }
 
-    world.dialog_outcomes.extend(outcomes);
+    dialog_outcomes.extend(outcomes);
 }
 
 fn resolve_parry(
-    world: &World,
+    dialog_projectiles: &Storage<DialogProjectileComponent>,
     proj_entity: EntityHandle,
     input_state: &InputState,
     player_is_evading: bool,
@@ -137,9 +155,7 @@ fn resolve_parry(
         return Some(DialogOutcome::Evaded);
     }
 
-    let correct_parry = world
+    let correct_parry = dialog_projectiles.with(proj_entity, |p| p.correct_parry)?;
-        .dialog_projectiles
-        .with(proj_entity, |p| p.correct_parry)?;
 
     if input_state.i_just_pressed
     {
@@ -200,9 +216,3 @@ fn projectile_swarm_config() -> ParticleEmitterConfig
         color_end: [0.2, 0.05, 0.0, 0.0],
     }
 }
-
-fn is_player_evading(world: &World, player_entity: EntityHandle) -> bool
-{
-    world.leaping_states.get(player_entity).is_some()
-        || world.rolling_states.get(player_entity).is_some()
-}

src/systems/dialog_render.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 use glam::{Mat4, Vec3};
 
+use crate::components::dialog::DialogBubbleComponent;
 use crate::render::billboard::{BillboardDrawCall, BillboardVertex, BubbleUniforms};
 use crate::render::{with_font_atlas, TextVertex};
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
 const MAX_BUBBLE_WIDTH: f32 = 8.0;
 const MIN_BUBBLE_WIDTH: f32 = 0.5;
@@ -19,7 +21,9 @@ const TEXT_PADDING: f32 = 0.06;
 const LINE_SPACING: f32 = 0.01;
 
 pub fn dialog_bubble_render_system(
-    world: &World,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    bubble_tags: &Storage<()>,
     camera_pos: Vec3,
     view_proj: Mat4,
 ) -> (Vec<BillboardDrawCall>, Vec<TextVertex>)
@@ -27,17 +31,15 @@ pub fn dialog_bubble_render_system(
     let mut calls = Vec::new();
     let mut all_text: Vec<TextVertex> = Vec::new();
 
-    for bubble_entity in world.bubble_tags.all()
+    for bubble_entity in bubble_tags.all()
     {
-        let bubble_pos = match world.transforms.with(bubble_entity, |t| t.position)
+        let bubble_pos = match transforms.with(bubble_entity, |t| t.position)
         {
             Some(p) => p,
             None => continue,
         };
 
-        let text = match world
+        let text = match dialog_bubbles.with(bubble_entity, |b| b.current_text.clone())
-            .dialog_bubbles
-            .with(bubble_entity, |b| b.current_text.clone())
         {
             Some(t) => t,
             None => continue,
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ pub fn dialog_bubble_render_system(
             // Compute body height analytically.
             // border_world = BORDER_W * body_height  (body is the smaller dimension)
             // body_height = text_h + 2 * (border_world + TEXT_PADDING)
-            // → body_height * (1 - 2*BORDER_W) = text_h + 2*TEXT_PADDING
+            // -> body_height * (1 - 2*BORDER_W) = text_h + 2*TEXT_PADDING
             let text_h = n_lines as f32 * CHAR_WORLD_HEIGHT
                 + n_lines.saturating_sub(1) as f32 * LINE_SPACING;
             let body_height = (text_h + 2.0 * TEXT_PADDING) / (1.0 - 2.0 * BORDER_W);

src/systems/dialog_system.rs

@@ -2,30 +2,74 @@ use bladeink::story::Story;
 use glam::Vec3;
 
 use crate::components::dialog::{
-    DialogBubbleComponent, DialogPhase, DialogProjectileComponent, ParryButton,
+    DialogBubbleComponent, DialogOutcomeEvent, DialogPhase, DialogProjectileComponent,
+    DialogSourceComponent, ParryButton,
 };
-use crate::components::trigger::TriggerEventKind;
+use crate::components::trigger::{TriggerEvent, TriggerEventKind};
-use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
+use crate::entity::{EntityHandle, EntityManager};
-use crate::world::{Transform, World};
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
 const DEFAULT_DISPLAY_TIME: f32 = 3.0;
 const PARRY_TAG_PREFIX: &str = "parry:";
 const TIMER_TAG_PREFIX: &str = "timer:";
 
-pub fn dialog_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
+pub fn dialog_system(
+    entities: &mut EntityManager,
+    trigger_events: &[TriggerEvent],
+    dialog_sources: &Storage<DialogSourceComponent>,
+    bubble_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &mut Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    names: &mut Storage<String>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    projectile_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_projectiles: &mut Storage<DialogProjectileComponent>,
+    dialog_outcomes: &mut Vec<DialogOutcomeEvent>,
+    delta: f32,
+)
 {
-    process_trigger_events(world);
+    process_trigger_events(
-    tick_displaying_bubbles(world, delta);
+        entities,
-    process_outcomes(world);
+        trigger_events,
+        dialog_sources,
+        bubble_tags,
+        dialog_bubbles,
+        transforms,
+        names,
+        projectile_tags,
+        dialog_projectiles,
+    );
+    tick_displaying_bubbles(
+        entities,
+        bubble_tags,
+        dialog_bubbles,
+        transforms,
+        player_tags,
+        projectile_tags,
+        dialog_projectiles,
+        delta,
+    );
+    process_outcomes(bubble_tags, dialog_bubbles, dialog_outcomes);
 }
 
-fn process_trigger_events(world: &mut World)
+fn process_trigger_events(
+    entities: &mut EntityManager,
+    trigger_events: &[TriggerEvent],
+    dialog_sources: &Storage<DialogSourceComponent>,
+    bubble_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &mut Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    names: &mut Storage<String>,
+    projectile_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_projectiles: &mut Storage<DialogProjectileComponent>,
+)
 {
-    let events: Vec<_> = world.trigger_events.iter().cloned().collect();
+    let events: Vec<_> = trigger_events.iter().cloned().collect();
 
     for event in events
     {
-        let has_source = world.dialog_sources.get(event.trigger_entity).is_some();
+        let has_source = dialog_sources.get(event.trigger_entity).is_some();
         if !has_source
         {
             continue;
@@ -35,9 +79,8 @@ fn process_trigger_events(world: &mut World)
         {
             TriggerEventKind::Entered =>
             {
-                let already_active = world.bubble_tags.all().iter().any(|&b| {
+                let already_active = bubble_tags.all().iter().any(|&b| {
-                    world
+                    dialog_bubbles
-                        .dialog_bubbles
                         .with(b, |db| db.character_entity == event.trigger_entity)
                         .unwrap_or(false)
                 });
@@ -47,22 +90,43 @@ fn process_trigger_events(world: &mut World)
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                spawn_bubble(world, event.trigger_entity);
+                spawn_bubble(
+                    entities,
+                    dialog_sources,
+                    bubble_tags,
+                    dialog_bubbles,
+                    transforms,
+                    names,
+                    event.trigger_entity,
+                );
             }
 
             TriggerEventKind::Exited =>
             {
-                despawn_bubbles_for_character(world, event.trigger_entity);
+                despawn_bubbles_for_character(
+                    bubble_tags,
+                    dialog_bubbles,
+                    transforms,
+                    projectile_tags,
+                    dialog_projectiles,
+                    event.trigger_entity,
+                );
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
-fn spawn_bubble(world: &mut World, character_entity: EntityHandle)
+fn spawn_bubble(
+    entities: &mut EntityManager,
+    dialog_sources: &Storage<DialogSourceComponent>,
+    bubble_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &mut Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    names: &mut Storage<String>,
+    character_entity: EntityHandle,
+)
 {
-    let ink_json = match world
+    let ink_json = match dialog_sources.with(character_entity, |s| s.ink_json.clone())
-        .dialog_sources
-        .with(character_entity, |s| s.ink_json.clone())
     {
         Some(json) => json,
         None => return,
@@ -80,21 +144,18 @@ fn spawn_bubble(world: &mut World, character_entity: EntityHandle)
 
     let (text, parry, display_time) = advance_story(&mut story);
 
-    let character_pos = world
+    let character_pos = transforms
-        .transforms
         .with(character_entity, |t| t.position)
         .unwrap_or(Vec3::ZERO);
 
-    let bubble_entity = world.spawn();
+    let bubble_entity = entities.spawn();
-    world.transforms.insert(
+    transforms.insert(
         bubble_entity,
         Transform::from_position(character_pos + Vec3::new(0.0, 8.0, 0.0)),
     );
-    world
+    names.insert(bubble_entity, "DialogBubble".to_string());
-        .names
+    bubble_tags.insert(bubble_entity, ());
-        .insert(bubble_entity, "DialogBubble".to_string());
+    dialog_bubbles.insert(
-    world.bubble_tags.insert(bubble_entity, ());
-    world.dialog_bubbles.insert(
         bubble_entity,
         DialogBubbleComponent {
             story,
@@ -109,14 +170,20 @@ fn spawn_bubble(world: &mut World, character_entity: EntityHandle)
     );
 }
 
-fn despawn_bubbles_for_character(world: &mut World, character_entity: EntityHandle)
+fn despawn_bubbles_for_character(
+    bubble_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &mut Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    projectile_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_projectiles: &mut Storage<DialogProjectileComponent>,
+    character_entity: EntityHandle,
+)
 {
-    let bubbles: Vec<EntityHandle> = world.bubble_tags.all();
+    let bubbles: Vec<EntityHandle> = bubble_tags.all();
 
     for bubble_entity in bubbles
     {
-        let matches = world
+        let matches = dialog_bubbles
-            .dialog_bubbles
             .with(bubble_entity, |b| b.character_entity == character_entity)
             .unwrap_or(false);
 
@@ -125,26 +192,38 @@ fn despawn_bubbles_for_character(world: &mut World, character_entity: EntityHand
             continue;
         }
 
-        if let Some(bubble) = world.dialog_bubbles.get(bubble_entity)
+        if let Some(bubble) = dialog_bubbles.get(bubble_entity)
         {
             if let DialogPhase::ProjectileInFlight { projectile_entity } = bubble.phase
             {
-                world.despawn(projectile_entity);
+                transforms.remove(projectile_entity);
+                projectile_tags.remove(projectile_entity);
+                dialog_projectiles.remove(projectile_entity);
             }
         }
 
-        world.despawn(bubble_entity);
+        transforms.remove(bubble_entity);
+        bubble_tags.remove(bubble_entity);
+        dialog_bubbles.remove(bubble_entity);
     }
 }
 
-fn tick_displaying_bubbles(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
+fn tick_displaying_bubbles(
+    entities: &mut EntityManager,
+    bubble_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &mut Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    projectile_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_projectiles: &mut Storage<DialogProjectileComponent>,
+    delta: f32,
+)
 {
-    let bubbles: Vec<EntityHandle> = world.bubble_tags.all();
+    let bubbles: Vec<EntityHandle> = bubble_tags.all();
 
     for bubble_entity in bubbles
     {
-        let expired = world
+        let expired = dialog_bubbles
-            .dialog_bubbles
             .with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
                 if let DialogPhase::Displaying { ref mut timer } = b.phase
                 {
@@ -160,45 +239,37 @@ fn tick_displaying_bubbles(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
 
         if expired
         {
-            let correct_parry = match world
+            let correct_parry = match dialog_bubbles.with(bubble_entity, |b| b.correct_parry)
-                .dialog_bubbles
-                .with(bubble_entity, |b| b.correct_parry)
             {
                 Some(Some(p)) => p,
                 _ =>
                 {
-                    world.despawn(bubble_entity);
+                    transforms.remove(bubble_entity);
+                    bubble_tags.remove(bubble_entity);
+                    dialog_bubbles.remove(bubble_entity);
                     continue;
                 }
             };
 
-            let bubble_pos = world
+            let bubble_pos = transforms
-                .transforms
                 .with(bubble_entity, |t| t.position)
                 .unwrap_or(Vec3::ZERO);
 
-            let player_entity = world
+            let player_entity = player_tags
-                .player_tags
                 .all()
                 .into_iter()
                 .next()
                 .expect("no player entity");
-            let player_pos = world
+            let player_pos = transforms
-                .transforms
                 .with(player_entity, |t| t.position)
                 .unwrap_or(Vec3::ZERO);
 
             let velocity = player_pos - bubble_pos;
 
-            let projectile_entity = world.spawn();
+            let projectile_entity = entities.spawn();
-            world
+            transforms.insert(projectile_entity, Transform::from_position(bubble_pos));
-                .transforms
+            projectile_tags.insert(projectile_entity, ());
-                .insert(projectile_entity, Transform::from_position(bubble_pos));
+            dialog_projectiles.insert(
-            world
-                .names
-                .insert(projectile_entity, "DialogProjectile".to_string());
-            world.projectile_tags.insert(projectile_entity, ());
-            world.dialog_projectiles.insert(
                 projectile_entity,
                 DialogProjectileComponent {
                     bubble_entity,
@@ -208,29 +279,33 @@ fn tick_displaying_bubbles(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
                 },
             );
 
-            world.dialog_bubbles.with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
+            dialog_bubbles.with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
                 b.phase = DialogPhase::ProjectileInFlight { projectile_entity };
             });
         }
     }
 }
 
-fn process_outcomes(world: &mut World)
+fn process_outcomes(
+    bubble_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &mut Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    dialog_outcomes: &mut Vec<DialogOutcomeEvent>,
+)
 {
-    let outcomes: Vec<_> = world.dialog_outcomes.drain(..).collect();
+    let outcomes: Vec<_> = dialog_outcomes.drain(..).collect();
 
     for event in outcomes
     {
         let bubble_entity = event.bubble_entity;
 
-        if world.dialog_bubbles.get(bubble_entity).is_none()
+        if dialog_bubbles.get(bubble_entity).is_none()
         {
             continue;
         }
 
         let choice_tag = event.outcome.to_choice_tag();
 
-        let next = world.dialog_bubbles.with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
+        let next = dialog_bubbles.with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
             let choices = b.story.get_current_choices();
             let idx = choices
                 .iter()
@@ -264,7 +339,7 @@ fn process_outcomes(world: &mut World)
         {
             Some(Some((text, parry, display_time))) =>
             {
-                world.dialog_bubbles.with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
+                dialog_bubbles.with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
                     b.current_text = text;
                     b.correct_parry = parry;
                     b.display_time = display_time;
@@ -276,7 +351,8 @@ fn process_outcomes(world: &mut World)
 
             Some(None) =>
             {
-                world.despawn(bubble_entity);
+                bubble_tags.remove(bubble_entity);
+                dialog_bubbles.remove(bubble_entity);
             }
 
             None =>

src/systems/follow.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::components::FollowComponent;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn follow_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn follow_system(follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>, transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>)
 {
-    let following_entities: Vec<_> = world.follows.all();
+    let following_entities: Vec<_> = follows.all();
 
     for entity in following_entities
     {
-        if let Some(follow) = world.follows.get(entity)
+        if let Some(follow) = follows.get(entity)
         {
             let target = follow.target;
-            if let Some(target_transform) = world.transforms.get(target)
+            if let Some(target_transform) = transforms.get(target)
             {
                 let target_pos = target_transform.position;
                 let target_rot = target_transform.rotation;
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ pub fn follow_system(world: &mut World)
                 let inherit_rot = follow.inherit_rotation;
                 let inherit_scale = follow.inherit_scale;
 
-                world.transforms.with_mut(entity, |transform| {
+                transforms.with_mut(entity, |transform| {
                     transform.position = target_pos;
 
                     if inherit_rot

src/systems/input.rs

@@ -1,29 +1,45 @@
 use glam::Vec3;
 
+use crate::components::camera::CameraComponent;
+use crate::components::FollowComponent;
+use crate::components::InputComponent;
 use crate::utility::input::InputState;
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn player_input_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
+pub fn player_input_system(
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    follows: &Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    inputs: &mut Storage<InputComponent>,
+    input_state: &InputState,
+)
 {
-    if !world.camera_is_following()
+    let camera_is_following = cameras
+        .components
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
+        .map(|(e, _)| follows.get(*e).is_some())
+        .unwrap_or(false);
+
+    if !camera_is_following
     {
         return;
     }
 
-    let Some((_, camera)) = world.active_camera()
+    let (_, camera) = match cameras.components.iter().find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
-    else
     {
-        return;
+        Some((e, c)) => (*e, c),
+        None => return,
     };
 
     let forward = camera.get_forward_horizontal();
     let right = camera.get_right_horizontal();
 
-    let players = world.player_tags.all();
+    let players = player_tags.all();
 
     for player in players
     {
-        world.inputs.with_mut(player, |input_component| {
+        inputs.with_mut(player, |input_component| {
             let mut local_input = Vec3::ZERO;
 
             if input_state.w

src/systems/particle.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ use rand::Rng;
 
 use crate::components::particle::{ParticleEmitterConfig, SpawnParticleIntent};
 use crate::render::particle_types::ParticleInstanceRaw;
-use crate::world::World;
 
 pub struct Particle
 {
@@ -92,24 +91,27 @@ fn spawn_from_config(
     }
 }
 
-pub fn particle_intent_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn particle_intent_system(
+    particle_buffers: &mut Option<ParticleBuffers>,
+    spawn_particle_intents: &mut Vec<SpawnParticleIntent>,
+)
 {
-    if world.particle_buffers.is_none()
+    if particle_buffers.is_none()
     {
-        world.particle_buffers = Some(ParticleBuffers {
+        *particle_buffers = Some(ParticleBuffers {
             particles: Vec::new(),
             instances: Vec::new(),
             emit_accumulator: 0.0,
         });
     }
 
-    let intents: Vec<SpawnParticleIntent> = world.spawn_particle_intents.drain(..).collect();
+    let intents: Vec<SpawnParticleIntent> = spawn_particle_intents.drain(..).collect();
     if intents.is_empty()
     {
         return;
     }
 
-    let buffers = world.particle_buffers.as_mut().unwrap();
+    let buffers = particle_buffers.as_mut().unwrap();
     let mut rng = rand::rng();
     for intent in intents
     {
@@ -117,9 +119,9 @@ pub fn particle_intent_system(world: &mut World)
     }
 }
 
-pub fn particle_update_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
+pub fn particle_update_system(particle_buffers: &mut Option<ParticleBuffers>, delta: f32)
 {
-    let Some(ref mut buffers) = world.particle_buffers
+    let Some(ref mut buffers) = particle_buffers
     else
     {
         return;

src/systems/physics_sync.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,27 @@
+use crate::components::PhysicsComponent;
+use crate::entity::EntityManager;
 use crate::physics::PhysicsManager;
 use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn physics_sync_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn physics_sync_system(
+    entities: &EntityManager,
+    physics: &Storage<PhysicsComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+)
 {
-    let all_entities = world.entities.all_entities();
+    let all_entities = entities.all_entities();
 
     for entity in all_entities
     {
-        if let Some(physics) = world.physics.get(entity)
+        if let Some(physics) = physics.get(entity)
         {
             if let Some(rigidbody_position) =
                 PhysicsManager::get_rigidbody_position(physics.rigidbody)
             {
                 let transform = Transform::from(rigidbody_position);
 
-                world.transforms.with_mut(entity, |t| {
+                transforms.with_mut(entity, |t| {
                     *t = transform;
                 });
             }

src/systems/render.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,25 @@
+use crate::components::{DissolveComponent, MeshComponent};
+use crate::entity::EntityManager;
 use crate::loaders::mesh::InstanceRaw;
 use crate::render::DrawCall;
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 use bytemuck::cast_slice;
 
-pub fn render_system(world: &World) -> Vec<DrawCall>
+pub fn render_system(
+    entities: &EntityManager,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+    meshes: &Storage<MeshComponent>,
+    dissolves: &Storage<DissolveComponent>,
+) -> Vec<DrawCall>
 {
-    let all_entities = world.entities.all_entities();
+    let all_entities = entities.all_entities();
 
     all_entities
         .iter()
         .filter_map(|&entity| {
-            let transform = world.transforms.get(entity)?;
+            let transform = transforms.get(entity)?;
-            let mesh_component = world.meshes.get(entity)?;
+            let mesh_component = meshes.get(entity)?;
 
             let model_matrix = transform.to_matrix();
 
@@ -22,7 +30,7 @@ pub fn render_system(world: &World) -> Vec<DrawCall>
             }
             else
             {
-                let dissolve_amount = world.dissolves.get(entity).map(|d| d.amount).unwrap_or(0.0);
+                let dissolve_amount = dissolves.get(entity).map(|d| d.amount).unwrap_or(0.0);
 
                 let instance_data = InstanceRaw {
                     model: model_matrix.to_cols_array_2d(),

src/systems/rotate.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,24 @@
 use glam::Quat;
 
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::components::RotateComponent;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn rotate_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
+pub fn rotate_system(
+    rotates: &Storage<RotateComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    delta: f32,
+)
 {
-    let entities = world.rotates.all();
+    let entities = rotates.all();
 
     for entity in entities
     {
-        if let Some(rotate) = world.rotates.get(entity)
+        if let Some(rotate) = rotates.get(entity)
         {
             let rotation_delta = Quat::from_axis_angle(rotate.axis, rotate.speed * delta);
 
-            world.transforms.with_mut(entity, |transform| {
+            transforms.with_mut(entity, |transform| {
                 transform.rotation = rotation_delta * transform.rotation;
             });
         }

src/systems/snow.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,40 @@
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::components::camera::CameraComponent;
+use crate::components::FollowComponent;
+use crate::render::snow::SnowLayer;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn snow_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn snow_system(
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    follows: &Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    snow_layer: &mut Option<SnowLayer>,
+)
 {
-    let camera_pos = world.active_camera_position();
+    let camera_pos = cameras
-    let player_pos = world.player_position();
+        .components
-    let is_following = world.camera_is_following();
+        .iter()
-    if let Some(ref mut snow_layer) = world.snow_layer
+        .find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
+        .and_then(|(e, _)| transforms.get(*e))
+        .map(|t| t.position)
+        .unwrap_or(glam::Vec3::ZERO);
+
+    let player_pos = player_tags
+        .all()
+        .first()
+        .and_then(|e| transforms.get(*e))
+        .map(|t| t.position)
+        .unwrap_or(glam::Vec3::ZERO);
+
+    let is_following = cameras
+        .components
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
+        .map(|(e, _)| follows.get(*e).is_some())
+        .unwrap_or(false);
+
+    if let Some(ref mut snow_layer) = snow_layer
     {
         if is_following
         {

src/systems/spotlight_sync.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,28 @@
+use crate::components::lights::spot::SpotlightComponent;
 use crate::render::Spotlight;
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn spotlight_sync_system(world: &World) -> Vec<Spotlight>
+pub fn spotlight_sync_system(
+    spotlights: &Storage<SpotlightComponent>,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+) -> Vec<Spotlight>
 {
-    let mut entities = world.spotlights.all();
+    let mut entities = spotlights.all();
     entities.sort();
 
-    let mut spotlights = Vec::new();
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
 
     for entity in entities
     {
-        if let Some(spotlight_component) = world.spotlights.get(entity)
+        if let Some(spotlight_component) = spotlights.get(entity)
         {
-            if let Some(transform) = world.transforms.get(entity)
+            if let Some(transform) = transforms.get(entity)
             {
                 let position = transform.position + spotlight_component.offset;
                 let direction = transform.rotation * spotlight_component.direction;
 
-                spotlights.push(Spotlight::new(
+                result.push(Spotlight::new(
                     position,
                     direction,
                     spotlight_component.inner_angle,
@@ -28,5 +33,5 @@ pub fn spotlight_sync_system(world: &World) -> Vec<Spotlight>
         }
     }
 
-    spotlights
+    result
 }

src/systems/tree_dissolve.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
+use crate::components::camera::CameraComponent;
+use crate::components::tree_instances::TreeInstancesComponent;
 use crate::loaders::mesh::InstanceRaw;
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 use bytemuck::cast_slice;
 
-pub fn tree_dissolve_update_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
+pub fn tree_dissolve_update_system(tree_instances: &mut Storage<TreeInstancesComponent>, delta: f32)
 {
-    for entity in world.tree_instances.all()
+    for entity in tree_instances.all()
     {
-        if let Some(tree_instances) = world.tree_instances.get_mut(entity)
+        if let Some(tree_instances) = tree_instances.get_mut(entity)
         {
             for i in 0..tree_instances.dissolve_amounts.len()
             {
@@ -20,15 +23,24 @@ pub fn tree_dissolve_update_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
     }
 }
 
-pub fn tree_occlusion_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn tree_occlusion_system(
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    tree_instances: &mut Storage<TreeInstancesComponent>,
+)
 {
-    let player_entity = world.player_tags.all().first().copied();
+    let player_entity = player_tags.all().first().copied();
-    let player_pos = player_entity.and_then(|e| world.transforms.get(e).map(|t| t.position));
+    let player_pos = player_entity.and_then(|e| transforms.get(e).map(|t| t.position));
 
     if let Some(player_pos) = player_pos
     {
-        let camera_entity = world.active_camera().map(|(e, _)| e);
+        let camera_entity = cameras
-        let camera_pos = camera_entity.and_then(|e| world.transforms.get(e).map(|t| t.position));
+            .components
+            .iter()
+            .find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
+            .map(|(e, _)| *e);
+        let camera_pos = camera_entity.and_then(|e| transforms.get(e).map(|t| t.position));
 
         if let Some(camera_pos) = camera_pos
         {
@@ -43,9 +55,9 @@ pub fn tree_occlusion_system(world: &mut World)
             let to_player_normalized = to_player.normalize();
             let occlusion_radius = 10.0;
 
-            for tree_entity in world.tree_instances.all()
+            for tree_entity in tree_instances.all()
             {
-                if let Some(tree_instances) = world.tree_instances.get_mut(tree_entity)
+                if let Some(tree_instances) = tree_instances.get_mut(tree_entity)
                 {
                     for (idx, instance) in tree_instances.instances.iter().enumerate()
                     {
@@ -81,11 +93,11 @@ pub fn tree_occlusion_system(world: &mut World)
     }
 }
 
-pub fn tree_instance_buffer_update_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn tree_instance_buffer_update_system(tree_instances: &Storage<TreeInstancesComponent>)
 {
-    for entity in world.tree_instances.all()
+    for entity in tree_instances.all()
     {
-        if let Some(tree_instances) = world.tree_instances.get(entity)
+        if let Some(tree_instances) = tree_instances.get(entity)
         {
             let instance_data_vec: Vec<InstanceRaw> = tree_instances
                 .instances

src/systems/trigger.rs

@@ -1,41 +1,47 @@
 use glam::Vec3;
 
 use crate::components::trigger::{
-    TriggerEvent, TriggerEventKind, TriggerFilter, TriggerShape, TriggerState,
+    TriggerComponent, TriggerEvent, TriggerEventKind, TriggerFilter, TriggerShape, TriggerState,
 };
 use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn trigger_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn trigger_system(
+    trigger_events: &mut Vec<TriggerEvent>,
+    triggers: &mut Storage<TriggerComponent>,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+)
 {
-    world.trigger_events.clear();
+    trigger_events.clear();
 
-    let trigger_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = world.triggers.all();
+    let trigger_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = triggers.all();
     let mut pending_events: Vec<TriggerEvent> = Vec::new();
 
     for trigger_entity in trigger_entities
     {
-        let trigger_pos = match world.transforms.get(trigger_entity)
+        let trigger_pos = match transforms.get(trigger_entity)
         {
             Some(t) => t.position,
             None => continue,
         };
 
-        let candidate_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = match world.triggers.get(trigger_entity)
+        let candidate_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = match triggers.get(trigger_entity)
         {
             Some(trigger) => match &trigger.filter
             {
-                TriggerFilter::Player => world.player_tags.all(),
+                TriggerFilter::Player => player_tags.all(),
             },
             None => continue,
         };
 
         let activator_positions: Vec<(EntityHandle, Vec3)> = candidate_entities
             .into_iter()
-            .filter_map(|e| world.transforms.get(e).map(|t| (e, t.position)))
+            .filter_map(|e| transforms.get(e).map(|t| (e, t.position)))
             .collect();
 
-        let overlapping = match world.triggers.get(trigger_entity)
+        let overlapping = match triggers.get(trigger_entity)
         {
             Some(trigger) => activator_positions
                 .iter()
@@ -48,7 +54,7 @@ pub fn trigger_system(world: &mut World)
 
         let first_activator = activator_positions.first().map(|(e, _)| *e);
 
-        if let Some(trigger) = world.triggers.get_mut(trigger_entity)
+        if let Some(trigger) = triggers.get_mut(trigger_entity)
         {
             match (&trigger.state, overlapping)
             {
@@ -82,5 +88,5 @@ pub fn trigger_system(world: &mut World)
         }
     }
 
-    world.trigger_events.extend(pending_events);
+    trigger_events.extend(pending_events);
 }