docs: panopticon auto-update for snow_trail

.pi/skills/intent-based-architecture/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: intent-based-architecture
+description: Intent-based architecture patterns for the snow_trail_sdl game engine. Load when adding cross-system communication, new systems to the main loop, changing game mode logic (editor/dialog/gameplay), or working with camera, input, or mode-switching. Systems communicate through typed intent queues — no direct cross-system function calls.
+---
+
+# Intent-Based Architecture Skill
+
+Read the architecture document at `docs/intent-based-architecture.md` (resolve relative to the project root `/home/jonas/projects/snow_trail_sdl/`) and follow its patterns when:
+
+- Adding cross-system communication (use intents, not direct function calls)
+- Adding new systems to the main loop
+- Changing how game modes work (editor, dialog, gameplay)
+- Working with camera, input, or mode-switching logic
+
+Key rule: **systems communicate through typed intent data in shared queues** — producers insert intents, consumers process and remove them. No system calls another system's functions directly.

.pi/skills/panopticon/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: panopticon
+description: >-
+  Auto-generated project overview for snow_trail. Structure, conventions,
+  and recent activity. Updated nightly by Panopticon.
+---
+
+# snow_trail — Project Overview
+
+Pure Rust retro-aesthetic 3D game using SDL3 windowing, wgpu rendering, and rapier3d physics. Implements a pure ECS architecture with intent-based cross-system communication, state machines via TypeId polymorphism, and compute-shader snow deformation. Content authored in Blender 5.0 (glTF meshes + EXR heightmaps).
+
+## Quick Reference
+
+- **Language:** Rust (stable)
+- **Key dependencies:** sdl3, wgpu, rapier3d, glam, bladeink
+- **Build:** `cargo build --release`
+- **Test:** `cargo test`
+- **Entry point:** `src/main.rs::main()`
+
+## Documentation
+
+- [Structure](structure.md) — modules, types, data flow, dependencies
+- [Guide](guide.md) — conventions, patterns, anti-patterns, testing
+- [Changelog](changelog.md) — recent changes, active areas, stability

.pi/skills/panopticon/changelog.md

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+# Changelog
+
+*Last updated: Tuesday, April 7, 2026*
+
+## Active Areas
+
+| Area | Changes (30d) | Status |
+|------|---|---|
+| Main loop & systems | 9 churn | Active — explicit storage parameters |
+| Dialog system | 10 churn | Active — projectiles, camera, rendering |
+| Render core | 15 churn | Active — text pipeline, font atlas, globals |
+| World state | 8 churn | Active — intent storage, component management |
+| Player mechanics | 6 churn | Stable — character bundle, player states |
+| Shader system | 4 churn | Active — gizmo lines, dissolve, snow light |
+| Content pipeline | 1 churn | New — Blender export addon |
+
+## Recent Changes
+
+### System Signature Refactor (Major)
+- **Completed**: All 16 systems refactored to take explicit `Storage<T>` parameters instead of `&World`/`&mut World`.
+- **Pattern**: Functions receive only storages they need (e.g., `camera_follow_system` takes `&Storage<FollowComponent>`, `&Storage<CameraComponent>`, `&mut Storage<Transform>`).
+- **Benefit**: Explicit data dependencies improve borrow checker clarity and code readability.
+- **Main loop** (`src/main.rs`): Updated to pass individual storage fields at call sites rather than whole `World` reference.
+- **Affected systems**: `camera_input_system`, `camera_intent_system`, `camera_follow_system`, `camera_noclip_system`, `camera_ground_clamp_system`, `dialog_camera_transition_system`, `dialog_camera_system`, `player_input_system`, `physics_sync_system`, `render_system`, `particle_intent_system`, `particle_update_system`, `trigger_system`, `dialog_system`, `dialog_projectile_system`, all state machines.
+
+### Intent-Based Architecture
+- **Completed major refactor** (3 weeks ago): Systems communicate through one-frame `Storage<T>` intents instead of direct function calls.
+- **Intent types**: `FollowPlayerIntent`, `StopFollowingIntent`, `CameraTransitionIntent`, `SpawnParticleIntent`.
+- **Consumer pattern**: Systems read intents from world storage, act on them, then remove them. Producers don't import consumer modules.
+
+### Dialog System Suite
+- **Dialog state machine**: Ink-based story progression with display timer, projectile phases, parry mechanics.
+- **Projectile system**: Spawns physics-driven projectiles with parry windows; detects hits vs. evasion vs. parries (I/J/L buttons).
+- **Dialog camera**: Auto-frames all dialog participants; transitions smoothly between follow-cam and dialog-cam via intent; computes centroid + spread.
+- **Bubble rendering**: Billboard-based text with word-wrap, dynamic sizing (tail height → body dimensions), border/fill colors, RGBA text atlas.
+
+### Text & Font Rendering
+- **Font atlas pipeline**: Pre-rasterized glyphs (16×8 grid, 124px cells) from Departure Mono font.
+- **Text measurement**: Character-width aware layout with line wrapping against max bubble width.
+- **Vertex-based text**: Custom `TextVertex` (position, UV) fed into dedicated text pipeline with view-proj uniform.
+
+### Particle System
+- **Intent-driven spawning**: `particle_intent_system` reads `spawn_particle_intents` Vec, transfers configs into persistent `ParticleBuffers`.
+- **Configurable emitters**: Burst count, lifetime range, speed range, directional spread (cone), gravity, size range, color gradient.
+- **Snow particle integration**: Spawned continuously at camera position for screen-fill effect; `spawn_snow_particles` adds particles to `ParticleBuffers`.
+
+### Render Pipeline
+- **Global renderer via thread-local**: `render::global` module centralizes `Device`/`Queue` access for loaders and systems.
+- **Draw call generation**: `render_system` reads `entities`, `transforms`, `meshes`, `dissolves` storages; generates `DrawCall` per visible entity.
+- **Gizmo shader**: Fragment shader outputs world-normal as axis color (X=red, Y=green, Z=blue).
+- **Snow light accumulation**: Persistent texture tracking deformation; blue-noise dithering maps snow brightness into tile pattern.
+- **Dissolve shader**: Blue-noise masked alpha cutoff; controlled by `enable_dissolve` uniform.
+
+### Tree Occlusion & Instances
+- **Tree dissolve system**: Per-instance dissolve amounts lerp toward targets; updated via `tree_occlusion_system` which reads player transforms and cameras.
+- **Instance buffer sync**: `tree_instance_buffer_update_system` syncs dissolve state changes to GPU buffer after state updates.
+
+### Trigger & Event Flow
+- **Sphere-based triggers**: `trigger_system` runs each fixed step; reads `triggers`, `transforms`, `player_tags` storages; fires `TriggerEvent` with `Entered`/`Exited` kinds.
+- **Activation filtering**: `TriggerFilter::Player` specifies which entity types can activate.
+- **Event queue**: Events collected in `world.trigger_events` and consumed by `dialog_system` to spawn bubbles.
+
+### Player State Machine
+- **State hierarchy**: Idle, Walking, Jumping, Falling, Leaping (dash), Rolling.
+- **Physics per-state**: `state_machine_physics_system` applies damping on enter (Idle), horizontal input application (Walking), vertical velocity control (Jumping).
+- **Transition logic**: Grounded checks, input presence, airtime duration.
+
+### Editor & Inspector
+- **Dear ImGui integration**: Inspector window with player state display, entity transform gizmos.
+- **Entity selection**: Right-click picking calls `picking::pick_entity` with ray; gizmo renders for selected entity when editor active.
+- **UI mode gating**: Systems check `editor.wants_keyboard()`/`wants_mouse()` to suppress game input during inspector focus.
+
+### Blender Export Addon
+- **Plugin**: `blender/addons/snow_trail_export.py` provides one-click glTF + EXR export from Blender 5.0.
+- **glTF operator** (`SNOWTRAIL_OT_export_gltf`): Exports selected mesh objects to `assets/meshes/{blend_filename}.gltf` with configurable modifiers, vertex colors, materials.
+- **Heightmap bake operator** (`SNOWTRAIL_OT_export_heightmap`): Calls `generate_heightmap.py` to bake terrain Z-position as 32-bit EXR to `assets/textures/terrain_heightmap.exr` (1024px default).
+- **UI panel**: "Snow Trail" category in 3D viewport; auto-discovers project root by walking directory tree until `assets/` and `blender/` found.
+
+## Stability
+
+| Area | Last Changed | Status |
+|---|---|---|
+| Physics manager | 80+ days | Stable |
+| Camera follow | 30 days | Stable — now takes explicit storage params |
+| Movement component | 30+ days | Stable |
+| Mesh loader | 30+ days | Stable |
+| Spotlight sync | 30 days | Stable — explicit storage params applied |
+| State machine physics | 30 days | Stable |
+| Debug colliders | 30+ days | Stable |
+| System signatures | New | Stable — refactor complete, no behavioral changes |
+
+## Open Threads
+
+- **Global renderer thread-local**: Marked for gradual migration to explicit `RenderContext` parameters on systems/loaders.
+- **Dialog parry mechanics**: Gameplay tuning (PARRY_WINDOW_RADIUS, HIT_RADIUS) ongoing.
+- **Tree occlusion performance**: Occlusion system runs every frame; no visibility culling yet. Scalability unknown for >100 trees.
+- **Heightmap bake normalization**: Exported EXR uses raw Z-coordinate; game may need per-level scale application.

.pi/skills/panopticon/guide.md

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+# Guide
+
+## Conventions
+
+### Naming
+- **Bundles**: `*Bundle` suffix (e.g., `PlayerBundle`, `TerrainBundle`)
+- **Components**: `*Component` suffix (e.g., `MeshComponent`, `MovementComponent`)
+- **States**: Plain names without suffix (e.g., `IdleState`, `WalkingState`); impl `State` trait
+- **Intents**: `*Intent` suffix for one-frame events (e.g., `CameraTransitionIntent`, `FollowPlayerIntent`)
+- **Systems**: `*_system` suffix for functions (e.g., `player_input_system`, `trigger_system`)
+- **Storage containers**: lowercase plural (e.g., `world.transforms`, `world.movements`)
+- **Tags** (marker components): bare unit type in `Storage<()>` (e.g., `player_tags`, `bubble_tags`)
+
+### Formatting
+- Run `cargo fmt` with `brace_style = "AlwaysNextLine"`, `control_brace_style = "AlwaysNextLine"`
+- **NO inline comments** unless absolutely necessary—code must be self-documenting
+- Doc comments (`///`) **only** for public APIs and complex algorithms
+- **NO inline paths** in code—always use `use` statements at file level
+- **NO `use` statements inside functions or impl blocks**—all imports at module level
+
+### Imports
+- Group imports: standard library, external crates, internal modules (in that order)
+- Use fully-qualified module paths in `use` statements; never nest unnecessarily
+- Example:
+  ```rust
+  use crate::components::{CameraComponent, FollowComponent};
+  use crate::world::World;
+  use glam::Vec3;
+  ```
+
+## Patterns
+
+### Intent-Based Communication (One-Frame Queues)
+**Why**: Systems don't call each other directly. This decouples producer from consumer and maintains a flat pipeline.
+
+**How**: Intent is a simple struct in a queue (`Vec<T>`). Producer inserts, consumer reads and removes.
+
+```rust
+// components/intent.rs
+pub struct CameraTransitionIntent {
+    pub duration: f32,
+}
+
+// systems/camera.rs - consumer
+pub fn camera_intent_system(
+    follow_player_intents: &mut Storage<FollowPlayerIntent>,
+    stop_following_intents: &mut Storage<StopFollowingIntent>,
+    camera_transition_intents: &mut Storage<CameraTransitionIntent>,
+    follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    camera_transitions: &mut Storage<CameraTransition>,
+) {
+    let transition_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = camera_transition_intents.all();
+    for entity in transition_entities {
+        let duration = camera_transition_intents
+            .get(entity)
+            .map(|i| i.duration)
+            .unwrap_or(0.5);
+        start_camera_transition(camera_transitions, transforms, cameras, entity, duration);
+        camera_transition_intents.remove(entity);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bundle Pattern (Entity Factory)
+**Why**: Encapsulate all initialization logic for related components into one spawnable unit.
+
+```rust
+// bundles/player.rs
+pub struct PlayerBundle {
+    pub position: Vec3,
+}
+
+impl Bundle for PlayerBundle {
+    fn spawn(self, world: &mut World) -> Result<EntityHandle, String> {
+        let entity = world.spawn();
+        
+        // Physics
+        let rigidbody = RigidBodyBuilder::kinematic_position_based()
+            .translation(self.position.into())
+            .build();
+        let rigidbody_handle = PhysicsManager::add_rigidbody(rigidbody);
+        world.physics.insert(entity, PhysicsComponent { rigidbody: rigidbody_handle, .. });
+        
+        // State machine with transitions
+        let mut state_machine = StateMachine::new::<FallingState>();
+        state_machine.register_state(|w: &mut World| &mut w.falling_states);
+        state_machine.add_transition::<FallingState, IdleState>(move |world| {
+            is_grounded(world, entity_id) && !has_input(world, entity_id)
+        });
+        world.state_machines.insert(entity, state_machine);
+        
+        // Tags
+        world.player_tags.insert(entity, ());
+        
+        Ok(entity)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### State Machine with Type-Safe Transitions
+**Why**: Encapsulate state logic (on_enter, on_exit, physics_update) and guard transitions with closures.
+
+```rust
+// states/player_states.rs - implement State trait
+impl State for IdleState {
+    fn tick_time(&mut self, delta: f32) {
+        self.time_in_state += delta;
+    }
+    
+    fn on_enter(&mut self, world: &mut World, entity: EntityHandle) {
+        // Apply damping on enter
+        world.physics.with(entity, |physics| {
+            PhysicsManager::with_rigidbody_mut(physics.rigidbody, |rb| {
+                let current_velocity = *rb.linvel();
+                rb.set_linvel(Vector::new(0.0, current_velocity.y, 0.0), true);
+            });
+        });
+    }
+    
+    fn on_physics_update(&mut self, world: &mut World, entity: EntityHandle, _delta: f32) {
+        // Ground snapping
+        let current_y = world.physics.with(entity, |p| {
+            PhysicsManager::with_rigidbody_mut(p.rigidbody, |rb| rb.translation().y)
+        }).flatten();
+        // ...
+    }
+}
+
+// bundles/player.rs - register transitions
+state_machine.add_transition::<IdleState, WalkingState>(move |world| {
+    world
+        .inputs
+        .with(entity_id, |i| i.move_direction.length() > 0.01)
+        .unwrap_or(false)
+});
+```
+
+### Storage.with/with_mut Pattern (Closure-Based Access)
+**Why**: Avoids holding mutable references across multiple accesses; satisfies borrow checker.
+
+```rust
+// systems/spotlight_sync.rs
+pub fn spotlight_sync_system(spotlights: &Storage<SpotlightComponent>, transforms: &Storage<Transform>) -> Vec<Spotlight> {
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+    for entity in spotlights.all() {
+        if let Some(spotlight_component) = spotlights.get(entity) {
+            if let Some(transform) = transforms.get(entity) {
+                let position = transform.position + spotlight_component.offset;
+                result.push(Spotlight::new(position, ..));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    result
+}
+
+// With mutation
+world.movements.with_mut(entity, |movement| {
+    movement.movement_context.is_floored = true;
+});
+```
+
+### System Function Signature (Explicit Storage Parameters)
+**Why**: Pass only the specific storages (or read-only `&World`) that the system needs. Makes data dependencies explicit for the reader and borrow checker. **This is the standard pattern—all systems follow this.**
+
+```rust
+// Good: explicit dependencies
+pub fn camera_follow_system(
+    follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+) {
+    let camera_entities: Vec<_> = follows.all();
+    for camera_entity in camera_entities {
+        if let Some(follow) = follows.get(camera_entity) {
+            if let Some(camera) = cameras.get(camera_entity) {
+                transforms.with_mut(camera_entity, |t| {
+                    t.position = follow.target_position + new_offset;
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Read-only system
+pub fn spotlight_sync_system(spotlights: &Storage<SpotlightComponent>, transforms: &Storage<Transform>) -> Vec<Spotlight> { .. }
+
+// Dialog system example
+pub fn dialog_system(
+    entities: &mut EntityManager,
+    trigger_events: &[TriggerEvent],
+    dialog_sources: &Storage<DialogSourceComponent>,
+    bubble_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &mut Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    names: &mut Storage<String>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    projectile_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_projectiles: &mut Storage<DialogProjectileComponent>,
+    dialog_outcomes: &mut Vec<DialogOutcomeEvent>,
+    delta: f32,
+) { .. }
+```
+
+### Default Trait for Configuration Components
+**Why**: Sensible defaults allow bundle code to be cleaner; override what's needed.
+
+```rust
+// components/jump.rs
+impl Default for JumpComponent {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            jump_height: 5.0,
+            jump_duration: 0.5,
+            air_control_force: 100.0,
+            max_air_momentum: 3.0,
+            air_damping_active: 0.95,
+            air_damping_passive: 0.9,
+            jump_curve: CubicBez::new((0.0, 0.0), (0.4, 1.0), (0.6, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0)),
+            jump_context: JumpContext::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Usage in bundle
+world.jumps.insert(entity, JumpComponent::default());
+```
+
+### Physics Closure Pattern
+**Why**: Avoids lifetime tangles when borrowing rigidbody from PhysicsManager static storage.
+
+```rust
+// states/player_states.rs
+world.physics.with(entity, |physics| {
+    PhysicsManager::with_rigidbody_mut(physics.rigidbody, |rigidbody| {
+        let vel = *rigidbody.linvel();
+        rigidbody.set_linvel(Vector::new(vel.x, 0.0, vel.z), true);
+    });
+});
+```
+
+## Anti-Patterns
+
+### Direct System-to-System Calls
+**Don't do this:**
+```rust
+// ❌ Bad: tightly coupled, hard to debug
+fn system_a(world: &mut World) {
+    system_b_logic(world);  // Hidden dependency
+}
+```
+
+**Do this instead:**
+```rust
+// ✅ Good: intent in queue, flat pipeline
+pub fn system_a(cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>) {
+    cameras.insert(entity, CameraTransitionIntent { .. });
+}
+
+pub fn system_b(camera_transitions: &mut Storage<CameraTransition>) {
+    for entity in camera_transitions.all() {
+        // process
+        camera_transitions.remove(entity);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Holding Mutable References Across Multiple Storage Accesses
+**Don't do this:**
+```rust
+// ❌ Bad: won't compile (borrow checker)
+let mut movement = world.movements.get_mut(entity).unwrap();
+let mut transform = world.transforms.get_mut(entity).unwrap();
+movement.foo = transform.position.x;
+```
+
+**Do this instead:**
+```rust
+// ✅ Good: use closures
+world.movements.with_mut(entity, |movement| {
+    world.transforms.with(entity, |transform| {
+        movement.foo = transform.position.x;
+    });
+});
+```
+
+### Inline Paths in Code
+**Don't do this:**
+```rust
+// ❌ Bad
+let velocity = *crate::physics::PhysicsManager::with_rigidbody_mut(..);
+```
+
+**Do this instead:**
+```rust
+// ✅ Good: use statements at top
+use crate::physics::PhysicsManager;
+// ... in code
+let velocity = *PhysicsManager::with_rigidbody_mut(..);
+```
+
+### Overly Generic (World/&mut World) Parameters
+**Don't do this:**
+```rust
+// ❌ Bad: implicit dependencies, breaks borrow checker
+pub fn camera_follow_system(world: &mut World) {
+    // What storages do we actually need?
+}
+```
+
+**Do this instead:**
+```rust
+// ✅ Good: explicit, focused dependencies
+pub fn camera_follow_system(
+    follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+) {
+    // Clear what data is needed
+}
+```
+
+## Testing
+
+### Structure
+Tests are inline with source (`#[cfg(test)] mod tests`). Focus on:
+- Component initialization and state transitions
+- Bundle spawning and validation
+- Physics helper calculations
+- Intent queue ordering
+
+### What to Test
+- **State transitions**: Verify conditions gate transitions correctly
+  ```rust
+  #[test]
+  fn test_idle_to_walking_transition() {
+      let world = setup_test_world();
+      world.inputs.with_mut(player, |i| i.move_direction = Vec3::X);
+      assert!(should_transition_to_walking(&world, player));
+  }
+  ```
+
+- **Bundle spawning**: Ensure all components are inserted
+- **Default values**: Verify sensible defaults in `Default` impls
+- **Physics calculations**: Unit-test slope calculations, terrain queries
+
+### Running Tests
+```bash
+cargo test
+cargo test --lib  # Unit tests only
+cargo test -- --nocapture  # Show output
+```
+
+## References
+- See **CLAUDE.md** in project root for authoritative style rules (no inline comments, doc comments for public APIs only)
+- See **docs/self-gating-systems.md** for detailed intent-based pipeline patterns
+- See `src/states/player_states.rs` for canonical State impl examples
+- See `src/bundles/player.rs` for complete Bundle pattern with state machine setup
+- See `src/systems/camera.rs` for canonical system function signatures with explicit storage parameters
+- See `src/systems/dialog_system.rs` for complex multi-storage system example

.pi/skills/panopticon/structure.md

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+# Structure
+
+## Modules
+
+### `src/entity.rs`
+Manages entity lifecycle with `EntityHandle` (u64 alias) and `EntityManager` tracking alive entities. Entities are opaque IDs; all data lives in component storages on `World`.
+
+### `src/world.rs`
+Core ECS container holding `EntityManager`, 20+ typed `Storage<T>` collections (one per component type), and intent queues (`follow_player_intents`, `stop_following_intents`, `camera_transition_intents`). One-frame intents are inserted and consumed within a single frame. World also holds singleton state: `snow_layer`, `debug_mode`, `gizmo_mesh`.
+
+### `src/components/`
+Component types define entity data. Key storages:
+- **Transforms** (`Transform`): position, rotation, scale
+- **Physics** (`PhysicsComponent`): rapier3d rigidbody/collider handles
+- **Movement** (`MovementComponent`): walking speed, acceleration, damping state
+- **Jump** (`JumpComponent`): jump height, air control, jump curve
+- **State machines** (stored per-entity): `IdleState`, `WalkingState`, `JumpingState`, `FallingState`, `LeapingState`, `RollingState`
+- **Input** (`InputComponent`): current move direction, jump/parry key states
+- **Camera** (`CameraComponent`): FOV, aspect, yaw/pitch; `CameraTransition` for animated transitions
+- **Dialog** (`DialogBubbleComponent`, `DialogProjectileComponent`, `DialogSourceComponent`): Ink story state, projectile tracking, outcome events
+- **Rendering** (`MeshComponent`): mesh reference, pipeline, instance buffer, dissolve/snow-light flags
+- **Misc**: `FollowComponent`, `RotateComponent`, `DissolveComponent`, `TriggerComponent`, `ParticleEmitterConfig`
+
+### `src/states/state.rs`
+Per-entity state machine: `StateMachine` holds current `TypeId`, registered state types, and transitions. `State` trait defines lifecycle (`on_enter`, `on_physics_update`, `on_exit`). Transitions are condition predicates checked each update. Player entity uses this for locomotion states.
+
+### `src/systems/`
+Flat list of update functions called in main loop. Systems receive specific storage parameters (e.g., `&mut Storage<Transform>`, `&Storage<PhysicsComponent>`) instead of `&World`/`&mut World`. This makes data dependencies explicit for both borrow checker and reader. No cross-system coupling; all communication via world state and intents.
+- **Camera**: `camera_input_system(cameras, follows, input_state)` → generates intents; `camera_intent_system(follow_player_intents, stop_following_intents, camera_transition_intents, ...)` consumes them; `camera_follow_system(follows, cameras, transforms)`, `camera_noclip_system(cameras, follows, transforms, input_state, delta)`, `camera_transition_system(camera_transitions, transforms, cameras, delta)`, `camera_ground_clamp_system(cameras, follows, transforms)`
+- **Input**: `player_input_system(cameras, follows, player_tags, inputs, input_state)` reads SDL3 `InputState`, writes `InputComponent`
+- **Physics**: `state_machine_physics_system(&mut World, FIXED_TIMESTEP)` (fixed-step), `PhysicsManager::physics_step()`, `physics_sync_system(entities, physics, transforms)` copies rapier bodies back to transforms, `trigger_system(trigger_events, triggers, transforms, player_tags)` (AABB overlap → events)
+- **Dialog**: `dialog_system(entities, trigger_events, dialog_sources, bubble_tags, dialog_bubbles, transforms, names, player_tags, projectile_tags, dialog_projectiles, dialog_outcomes, delta)` ticks story state; `dialog_projectile_system(player_tags, transforms, projectile_tags, dialog_projectiles, spawn_particle_intents, dialog_outcomes, leaping_states, rolling_states, input_state)` moves projectiles; `dialog_camera_system(cameras, transforms, bubble_tags, player_pos, delta)` focuses camera on speaker; `dialog_bubble_render_system(transforms, dialog_bubbles, bubble_tags, camera_pos, view_proj)` generates billboard/text draw calls
+- **Rendering**: `render_system(entities, transforms, meshes, dissolves)` → `Vec<DrawCall>` from all meshes; snow layer adds clipmap draw calls; debug adds collider/gizmo calls; `spotlight_sync_system(spotlights, transforms)` syncs light positions to shader uniform
+- **State machine**: `state_machine_system(&mut World, delta)` (per-frame), `state_machine_physics_system(&mut World, FIXED_TIMESTEP)` (fixed-step) tick state lifecycle
+- **Trees**: `tree_occlusion_system(player_tags, transforms, cameras, tree_instances)` culls trees behind camera; `tree_dissolve_update_system(tree_instances, delta)` animates dissolve; `tree_instance_buffer_update_system(tree_instances)` writes GPU buffer
+- **Snow**: `snow_system(cameras, transforms, player_tags, follows, snow_layer)` deforms snow layer at physics contacts; `particle_intent_system(particle_buffers, spawn_particle_intents)`/`particle_update_system(particle_buffers, delta)` manage particle emitters
+- **Rotate**: `rotate_system(rotates, transforms, delta)` rotates entities by delta
+
+### `src/bundles/`
+Factory functions to spawn pre-configured entity groups:
+- `PlayerBundle`: player character with all locomotion components
+- `TestCharBundle`: test NPC
+- `CameraBundle`: camera entity
+- `TerrainBundle`: terrain mesh + collider
+- `SpotlightBundle` + `spawn_spotlights()`: light entities from scene data
+
+### `src/render/`
+GPU rendering pipeline via wgpu. Singleton `Renderer` stored in thread-local (global.rs).
+- **`Renderer`**: wgpu device/queue/surface, framebuffer, pipelines, bind groups, shadow map texture, spotlight data
+- **`DrawCall`** (types.rs): vertex/index buffers, model matrix, pipeline enum, instance buffer, entity ref
+- **Pipelines** (pipeline.rs): `create_main_pipeline()`, `create_snow_clipmap_pipeline()`, `create_wireframe_pipeline()`, `create_shadow_pipeline()`, `create_debug_lines_pipeline()`
+- **`Uniforms`** (types.rs): model/view/projection, 4 spotlights, camera position, height scale, player position, time, tile scale, debug mode
+- **Shadow**: `render_shadow_pass()` renders scene depth to shadow map from each spotlight
+- **Snow**: `SnowLayer` deforms snow heightfield via compute; `ClipmapConfig` manages multi-level clipmap grid; `deform_at_position()` marks terrain changed
+- **Snow light**: `SnowLightAccumulation` ping-pong texture accumulates light contributions from spotlights onto snow surface
+- **Billboard pipeline** + **Text pipeline**: render dialog bubbles and text overlays
+- **Particle pipeline**: billboarded particles with per-instance color/velocity
+- **Font atlas**: pre-rasterized glyph texture from embedded font file
+
+### `src/loaders/`
+Load scene data from glTF files:
+- **`scene.rs`** `Space::load_space()`: loads meshes, lights, player spawn, test char spawn from single glTF
+- **`mesh.rs`** `Mesh::load_gltf_with_instances()`: parses glTF buffers, vertex/index data, multi-instance mesh batches; `InstanceData` (position/rotation/scale/dissolve); `Vertex` (position/normal/UV)
+- **`lights.rs`**: extracts spotlight transforms/params from glTF nodes
+- **`empty.rs`**: extracts named empty (spawn point) transforms from glTF
+- **`heightmap.rs`**: loads EXR heightfield texture for terrain collision
+- **`terrain.rs`**: builds rapier heightfield collider from EXR matrix
+
+### `src/physics.rs`
+Thread-local `PhysicsManager` wrapping rapier3d. `physics_step()` runs one integration step; `add_rigidbody()`, `add_collider()` register bodies; `raycast()` queries. `HeightfieldData` caches terrain height matrix.
+
+### `src/utility/`
+- **`transform.rs`** `Transform`: matrix conversions to/from nalgebra `Isometry3`; getters/setters for position/rotation/scale
+- **`input.rs`** `InputState`: SDL3 key states (WASD, Space, Shift, Ctrl) and mouse delta; `handle_event()` updates state; `clear_just_pressed()` resets one-frame flags
+- **`time.rs`**: `Time::get_time_elapsed()` returns seconds since init (static Instant)
+
+### `src/debug/`
+- **`mode.rs`** `DebugMode` enum: None, Normals, UV, Depth, Wireframe, Colliders, ShadowMap, SnowLight; `cycle()` steps through
+- **`collider_debug.rs`**: renders rapier collider AABBs as line meshes
+- **`gizmo.rs`**: renders 3D transform gizmo (position/rotation/scale) for editor
+
+### `src/editor/`
+- **`inspector.rs`** `Inspector`: wraps Dear ImGui context; `render()` draws frame to texture; `build_ui()` draws entity inspector panels
+- **`mod.rs`** `EditorState`: manages editor active state, selected entity, mouse capture; `editor_loop()` calls inspector, handles picking
+
+### `src/picking.rs`, `src/postprocess.rs`, `src/texture.rs`, `src/paths.rs`
+Utility modules: ray casting for mouse pick, fullscreen blit/framebuffer downsampling, dither/flowmap texture loading, paths to asset files.
+
+## Data Flow
+
+1. **Initialization** (`main.rs` `init()`): SDL3 window → wgpu renderer (Vulkan) → World creation → load scene (Space from glTF) → spawn bundles (player, terrain, camera, lights) → initialize physics
+2. **Main loop** (`main.rs` `main()` with 60 Hz fixed physics + variable-rate graphics):
+   - **Per-frame** (delta): Input events → `player_input_system(cameras, follows, player_tags, inputs, input_state)` (fills `InputComponent`) + `camera_input_system(cameras, follows, input_state)` (generates intents)
+   - **Intent processing**: `camera_intent_system(follow_player_intents, stop_following_intents, camera_transition_intents, follows, transforms, cameras, player_tags, camera_transitions)` consumes intents, updates `CameraComponent`/`CameraTransition`
+   - **Camera systems**: `camera_follow_system(follows, cameras, transforms)` follows player; `camera_noclip_system(cameras, follows, transforms, input_state, delta)` noclip mode; `camera_transition_system(camera_transitions, transforms, cameras, delta)` animated transitions; `camera_ground_clamp_system(cameras, follows, transforms)` clamps to ground
+   - **Fixed physics** (1/60s accumulator):
+     - `state_machine_physics_system(&mut World, FIXED_TIMESTEP)`: tick state's `on_physics_update()`
+     - `PhysicsManager::physics_step()`: rapier integration
+     - `physics_sync_system(entities, physics, transforms)`: copy rigidbody poses to `Transform`
+     - `trigger_system(trigger_events, triggers, transforms, player_tags)`: detect collisions, emit events
+     - `dialog_system(entities, trigger_events, dialog_sources, bubble_tags, dialog_bubbles, transforms, names, player_tags, projectile_tags, dialog_projectiles, dialog_outcomes, delta)` ticks story state; `dialog_projectile_system(player_tags, transforms, projectile_tags, dialog_projectiles, spawn_particle_intents, dialog_outcomes, leaping_states, rolling_states, input_state)` moves projectiles
+   - **Per-frame systems**: `state_machine_system(&mut World, delta)` ticks state lifecycle; `rotate_system(rotates, transforms, delta)` rotates entities; `particle_intent_system(particle_buffers, spawn_particle_intents)`/`particle_update_system(particle_buffers, delta)` manage particles; `tree_occlusion_system(player_tags, transforms, cameras, tree_instances)` culls; `tree_dissolve_update_system(tree_instances, delta)`/`tree_instance_buffer_update_system(tree_instances)` updates dissolve; `snow_system(cameras, transforms, player_tags, follows, snow_layer)` deforms snow; `spotlight_sync_system(spotlights, transforms)` syncs lights
+   - **Render collection**: `render_system(entities, transforms, meshes, dissolves)` → `Vec<DrawCall>` from all meshes; snow layer adds clipmap draw calls; debug adds collider/gizmo calls
+   - **Submission**: `submit_frame()` renders draw calls, dialog bubbles/text, particles to framebuffer; blit to screen; optional ImGui overlay
+3. **Frame cleanup**: `InputState::clear_just_pressed()` resets one-frame flags
+
+## Key Types
+
+| Type | Module | Description |
+|------|--------|-------------|
+| `EntityHandle` | entity | u64 opaque entity ID |
+| `Storage<T>` | world | HashMap storage for per-entity component data; exposes `.get()`, `.get_mut()`, `.with_mut()`, `.all()` methods |
+| `World` | world | ECS container: entities, 20+ storages, intent queues, singleton state |
+| `Transform` | utility/transform | Position (Vec3), rotation (Quat), scale (Vec3); matrix conversions |
+| `StateMachine` | states/state | Per-entity state machine: current state TypeId, registered states, transitions |
+| `State` trait | states/state | Lifecycle: `on_enter`, `on_physics_update`, `on_exit`, `on_update` |
+| `PhysicsComponent` | components/physics | Rapier3d rigidbody + optional collider handles |
+| `MovementComponent` | components/movement | Walking speed, acceleration, damping, context (floored, last floor time) |
+| `JumpComponent` | components/jump | Jump height, duration, air control, context (in progress, origin height) |
+| `CameraComponent` | components/camera | FOV, aspect, yaw/pitch angles, is_active flag |
+| `InputComponent` | components/input | Current frame: move direction, jump/parry key states (flags) |
+| `MeshComponent` | components/mesh | Mesh ref, pipeline enum, instance buffer, dissolve/snow-light flags |
+| `DialogBubbleComponent` | components/dialog | Ink story, current text, dialog phase (displaying/projectile in flight), parry button |
+| `DrawCall` | render/types | GPU command: vertex/index buffers, model matrix, pipeline, instance count, entity ID |
+| `Uniforms` | render/types | Per-frame shader data: matrices, spotlight array, debug flags |
+| `Renderer` | render/mod | GPU state: device, queue, surface, all pipelines, framebuffer, texture samplers |
+| `Space` | loaders/scene | Loaded scene: mesh batches, spotlight data, spawn positions |
+| `Mesh` | loaders/mesh | GPU vertex/index buffers, AABB, CPU vertex data for physics |
+| `SnowLayer` | render/snow | Snow heightfield: deform bind groups, depth texture, clipmap grid levels |
+| `SnowLightAccumulation` | render/snow_light | Ping-pong textures + pipeline accumulating spotlight contributions onto snow |
+| `InputState` | utility/input | SDL3 event state: key flags, mouse delta, relative mode |
+| `PhysicsManager` | physics | Rapier3d bodies/colliders/pipeline; thread-local singleton |
+| `DebugMode` | debug/mode | Enum: None, Normals, UV, Depth, Wireframe, Colliders, ShadowMap, SnowLight |
+
+## Entry Points
+
+1. **`main()` in src/main.rs**
+   - Calls `init()` → initializes SDL3, wgpu, loads world from scene glTF, spawns entities
+   - Runs infinite loop: event poll → systems (camera/input/physics/render) → frame submit → sleep to 60 Hz
+2. **`Game::init()` in src/main.rs**
+   - SDL3 window + Vulkan surface
+   - `Renderer::new()` initializes all GPU pipelines and textures
+   - `init_world()` loads space, spawns bundles, sets up terrain/snow/lights
+3. **`World::new()` in src/world.rs**
+   - Creates empty storages for all 20+ component types and intent queues
+
+## Dependencies
+
+- **Engine**: wgpu (GPU), rapier3d (physics), glam (math), nalgebra (physics conversions), SDL3 (windowing/input)
+- **Content**: bladeink (Ink story scripting), image crate (EXR heightmaps), gltf (scene loading)
+- **Editor**: Dear ImGui via imgui crate + SDL3 integration
+- **Internal**: All systems take explicit storage parameters from `World`; systems are called in fixed sequence from main loop; no circular dependencies
+- **Thread-local singletons**: `Renderer` (render/global.rs), `PhysicsManager` (physics.rs), `GLOBAL_RENDERER`, `GLOBAL_PHYSICS`
+
+## Initialization Order
+
+1. SDL3 init → window creation → Vulkan adapter/device
+2. `Renderer::new()` → wgpu device/queue, create all pipelines, load textures (dither, flowmap, font atlas, shadow map, blue noise)
+3. Load scene from glTF → meshes, lights, spawns
+4. Spawn bundles: player (with input/movement/jump/state machine), terrain (mesh + heightfield collider), camera (follows player), lights (spotlights)
+5. Initialize snow layer (deform by tree positions)
+6. Initialize snow light accumulation (bind to spotlight data)
+7. Main loop: process events → run systems in sequence → submit frame

CLAUDE.md

@@ -10,6 +10,12 @@ Pure Rust game: SDL3 windowing, wgpu rendering, rapier3d physics, low-res retro
 - **NO inline paths** — always add `use` statements at the top of files, never inline
 - **NO `use` statements inside functions or impl blocks** — all `use` must be at the file (module) level
 
+**Intent-Based Architecture:**
+- Systems don't call each other. Cross-system communication goes through **intents** — one-frame typed structs in `Storage<T>` queues on `World`
+- Producer inserts intent → consumer reads, acts, removes. Producer doesn't know which system processes it
+- The main loop is a flat pipeline; systems self-gate based on data presence
+- See `docs/self-gating-systems.md` for full pattern + examples
+
 **Storage Parameters:**
 - Functions should take specific storages they need rather than `&World` or `&mut World`
 - Pass individual fields (`&world.transforms`, `&mut world.state_machines`) at the call site

Cargo.toml

@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ nalgebra = { version = "0.34.1", features = ["convert-glam030"] }
 serde_json = "1.0"
 bladeink = "1.2"
 wesl = "0.2"
+ab_glyph = "0.2"
+rand = "0.9"
 
 [build-dependencies]
 wesl = "0.2"

assets/meshes/terrain.gltf

@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@
 		{
 			"name":"TestCharSpawn",
 			"translation":[
-				-381.1509704589844,
+				-376.7967224121094,
-				106.53739166259766,
+				115.31475830078125,
-				107.46959686279297
+				155.05471801757812
 			]
 		},
 		{

blender/addons/snow_trail_export.py

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+bl_info = {
+    "name": "Snow Trail Export",
+    "author": "Snow Trail",
+    "version": (1, 0, 0),
+    "blender": (5, 0, 0),
+    "location": "3D Viewport > Sidebar > Snow Trail",
+    "description": "One-click glTF export to project assets folder",
+    "category": "Import-Export",
+}
+
+import bpy
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def find_project_root():
+    blend_path = Path(bpy.data.filepath)
+    if not blend_path.exists():
+        return None
+    candidate = blend_path.parent
+    while candidate != candidate.parent:
+        if (candidate / "assets").is_dir() and (candidate / "blender").is_dir():
+            return candidate
+        candidate = candidate.parent
+    return None
+
+
+def get_export_path():
+    blend_path = Path(bpy.data.filepath)
+    project_root = find_project_root()
+    if project_root is None:
+        return None
+    stem = blend_path.stem
+    return project_root / "assets" / "meshes" / f"{stem}.gltf"
+
+
+class SNOWTRAIL_OT_export_gltf(bpy.types.Operator):
+    bl_idname = "snow_trail.export_gltf"
+    bl_label = "Export to Project"
+    bl_description = "Export selected objects as glTF to assets/meshes/"
+    bl_options = {'REGISTER'}
+
+    def execute(self, context):
+        if not bpy.data.filepath:
+            self.report({'ERROR'}, "Save the .blend file first")
+            return {'CANCELLED'}
+
+        export_path = get_export_path()
+        if export_path is None:
+            self.report({'ERROR'}, "Could not find project root (looking for assets/ + blender/ dirs)")
+            return {'CANCELLED'}
+
+        export_path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        selected = [obj for obj in context.selected_objects if obj.type == 'MESH']
+        if not selected:
+            self.report({'ERROR'}, "No mesh objects selected")
+            return {'CANCELLED'}
+
+        props = context.scene.snow_trail_export
+
+        bpy.ops.export_scene.gltf(
+            filepath=str(export_path),
+            export_format='GLTF_SEPARATE',
+            use_selection=True,
+            export_apply=props.apply_modifiers,
+            export_yup=True,
+            export_texcoords=True,
+            export_normals=True,
+            export_colors=props.export_vertex_colors,
+            export_materials='NONE' if not props.export_materials else 'EXPORT',
+            export_animations=props.export_animations,
+        )
+
+        rel_path = export_path.relative_to(find_project_root())
+        self.report({'INFO'}, f"Exported → {rel_path}")
+        return {'FINISHED'}
+
+
+class SNOWTRAIL_OT_export_heightmap(bpy.types.Operator):
+    bl_idname = "snow_trail.export_heightmap"
+    bl_label = "Bake Heightmap"
+    bl_description = "Run heightmap bake script for selected terrain"
+    bl_options = {'REGISTER'}
+
+    def execute(self, context):
+        project_root = find_project_root()
+        if project_root is None:
+            self.report({'ERROR'}, "Could not find project root")
+            return {'CANCELLED'}
+
+        script_path = project_root / "blender" / "scripts" / "generate_heightmap.py"
+        if not script_path.exists():
+            self.report({'ERROR'}, f"Script not found: {script_path}")
+            return {'CANCELLED'}
+
+        import importlib.util
+        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location("generate_heightmap", str(script_path))
+        mod = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+        spec.loader.exec_module(mod)
+
+        terrain_obj = context.active_object
+        if terrain_obj is None or terrain_obj.type != 'MESH':
+            self.report({'ERROR'}, "Select a mesh object first")
+            return {'CANCELLED'}
+
+        output_path = project_root / "assets" / "textures" / "terrain_heightmap.exr"
+        mod.bake_heightmap(
+            terrain_obj=terrain_obj,
+            resolution=context.scene.snow_trail_export.heightmap_resolution,
+            output_path=str(output_path),
+        )
+
+        self.report({'INFO'}, f"Heightmap → assets/textures/terrain_heightmap.exr")
+        return {'FINISHED'}
+
+
+class SNOWTRAIL_ExportProperties(bpy.types.PropertyGroup):
+    apply_modifiers: bpy.props.BoolProperty(
+        name="Apply Modifiers",
+        default=True,
+        description="Apply modifiers before export",
+    )
+    export_vertex_colors: bpy.props.BoolProperty(
+        name="Vertex Colors",
+        default=True,
+        description="Export vertex colors",
+    )
+    export_materials: bpy.props.BoolProperty(
+        name="Materials",
+        default=False,
+        description="Export materials (usually not needed for retro aesthetic)",
+    )
+    export_animations: bpy.props.BoolProperty(
+        name="Animations",
+        default=False,
+        description="Export animations",
+    )
+    heightmap_resolution: bpy.props.IntProperty(
+        name="Heightmap Resolution",
+        default=1024,
+        min=128,
+        max=4096,
+        description="Resolution for heightmap bake",
+    )
+
+
+class SNOWTRAIL_PT_export_panel(bpy.types.Panel):
+    bl_label = "Snow Trail Export"
+    bl_idname = "SNOWTRAIL_PT_export_panel"
+    bl_space_type = 'VIEW_3D'
+    bl_region_type = 'UI'
+    bl_category = "Snow Trail"
+
+    def draw(self, context):
+        layout = self.layout
+        props = context.scene.snow_trail_export
+
+        export_path = get_export_path()
+        if export_path:
+            project_root = find_project_root()
+            rel = export_path.relative_to(project_root)
+            layout.label(text=f"Target: {rel}", icon='FILE')
+        elif not bpy.data.filepath:
+            layout.label(text="Save .blend file first!", icon='ERROR')
+        else:
+            layout.label(text="Project root not found!", icon='ERROR')
+
+        layout.separator()
+
+        box = layout.box()
+        box.label(text="glTF Options:", icon='MESH_DATA')
+        box.prop(props, "apply_modifiers")
+        box.prop(props, "export_vertex_colors")
+        box.prop(props, "export_materials")
+        box.prop(props, "export_animations")
+
+        selected_meshes = [o for o in context.selected_objects if o.type == 'MESH']
+        row = layout.row()
+        row.scale_y = 1.5
+        row.operator("snow_trail.export_gltf", icon='EXPORT')
+        if not selected_meshes:
+            row.enabled = False
+
+        if selected_meshes:
+            layout.label(text=f"{len(selected_meshes)} mesh(es) selected")
+        else:
+            layout.label(text="Select mesh objects to export", icon='INFO')
+
+        layout.separator()
+
+        box = layout.box()
+        box.label(text="Terrain Tools:", icon='WORLD')
+        box.prop(props, "heightmap_resolution")
+        box.operator("snow_trail.export_heightmap", icon='IMAGE_DATA')
+
+
+classes = (
+    SNOWTRAIL_ExportProperties,
+    SNOWTRAIL_OT_export_gltf,
+    SNOWTRAIL_OT_export_heightmap,
+    SNOWTRAIL_PT_export_panel,
+)
+
+
+def register():
+    for cls in classes:
+        bpy.utils.register_class(cls)
+    bpy.types.Scene.snow_trail_export = bpy.props.PointerProperty(type=SNOWTRAIL_ExportProperties)
+
+
+def unregister():
+    del bpy.types.Scene.snow_trail_export
+    for cls in reversed(classes):
+        bpy.utils.unregister_class(cls)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    register()

docs/intent-based-architecture.md

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# Intent-Based Architecture
+
+Systems communicate through **intents** — one-frame typed data in shared queues — not through direct function calls. This decouples producers from consumers: the system that wants something to happen does not know or care which system processes it.
+
+## The Pattern
+
+```
+Producer                    World (shared state)          Consumer
+────────                    ────────────────────          ────────
+detects dialog change
+  ↓
+insert(camera, CameraTransitionIntent)
+                            ↓
+                            camera_transition_intents
+                                                          camera_intent_system reads it
+                                                          sets up CameraTransition component
+                                                          removes intent
+```
+
+An intent is ephemeral (one frame). The state change it triggers (a component mutation) persists.
+
+## Intent Types
+
+Intents are plain structs stored in `Storage<T>` on `World`, keyed by target entity:
+
+```rust
+// components/intent.rs
+pub struct FollowPlayerIntent;
+pub struct StopFollowingIntent;
+pub struct CameraTransitionIntent { pub duration: f32 }
+```
+
+```rust
+// world.rs
+pub follow_player_intents: Storage<FollowPlayerIntent>,
+pub stop_following_intents: Storage<StopFollowingIntent>,
+pub camera_transition_intents: Storage<CameraTransitionIntent>,
+```
+
+Adding a new intent = one struct + one storage field. Nothing else changes.
+
+## Producing Intents
+
+Any code with access to the storage can submit. The entity is the target:
+
+```rust
+// Event handler wants camera to follow player — doesn't call camera functions
+world.follow_player_intents.insert(camera_entity, FollowPlayerIntent);
+
+// Dialog system detects state change — doesn't know how transitions work
+world.camera_transition_intents.insert(camera_entity, CameraTransitionIntent { duration: 0.8 });
+```
+
+Producers don't import consumer modules. They only know about the intent type and the storage.
+
+## Consuming Intents
+
+A consumer system reads, acts, and removes:
+
+```rust
+pub fn camera_intent_system(world: &mut World) {
+    // 1. Read
+    let follow_entities = world.follow_player_intents.all();
+    for entity in follow_entities {
+        // 2. Act — all the follow setup logic lives here
+        start_camera_following(world, entity);
+        // 3. Remove (consume)
+        world.follow_player_intents.remove(entity);
+    }
+    // ... same for stop_following_intents, camera_transition_intents
+}
+```
+
+The consumer owns the implementation. `start_camera_following` is a private function inside the camera module — no other module can call it directly.
+
+## Why This Matters
+
+**Decoupling.** The dialog system doesn't import camera functions. It inserts a `CameraTransitionIntent`. If the camera system changes how transitions work, the dialog system is unaffected.
+
+**Multiple producers, same path.** Editor toggle, dialog state changes, and future cutscene systems all produce the same `CameraTransitionIntent`. They all go through the same processing. No special cases.
+
+**Testability.** To test camera transitions: insert a `CameraTransitionIntent`, call `camera_intent_system`, check the result. No need to simulate dialog state or editor toggles.
+
+**Additive behavior.** To add a new reaction to `StopFollowingIntent` (e.g., play a sound), write a new system that reads the intent before the camera system consumes it. No existing code changes.
+
+## Execution Order
+
+The main loop is a flat pipeline. Order encodes causality:
+
+```
+Input + intent generation    (camera_input, player_input, dialog_transition_detect)
+      ↓
+Intent processing            (camera_intent_system)
+      ↓
+Camera behavior              (noclip, dialog_camera, follow, transition, ground_clamp)
+      ↓
+Editor overlay               (UI only — not a game system)
+      ↓
+Fixed-step physics           (state_machine, physics, triggers, dialog)
+      ↓
+Per-frame systems            (state_machine, rotate, trees, spotlights, snow)
+      ↓
+Render
+```
+
+Moving a system changes the data flow. The order is the contract.
+
+## Systems Also Self-Gate
+
+Because intents express what should happen, systems naturally have nothing to do when their data is absent:
+
+- `camera_follow_system` — no `FollowComponent` = no work
+- `dialog_camera_system` — no active bubbles = no work
+- `player_input_system` — camera not following = no player input
+- `camera_noclip_system` — camera has `FollowComponent` = skip
+
+The main loop doesn't branch on mode flags. Systems check their own data.
+
+## When to Use Intents vs. Direct Mutation
+
+| Situation | Approach |
+|---|---|
+| One system wants another to do something | Intent |
+| A system updating its own components | Direct mutation |
+| Per-frame continuous computation | Components + tick system |
+| Persistent state (is the camera following?) | Component (`FollowComponent`) |
+| One-shot request (start following) | Intent (`FollowPlayerIntent`) |
+
+## Adding New Intents
+
+1. Define the struct in `components/intent.rs`
+2. Add a `Storage<T>` field to `World` (+ `new()` + `despawn()`)
+3. Producers insert into the storage
+4. A consumer system reads, acts, and removes
+5. Done — no other code changes

src/bundles/player.rs

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ use crate::loaders::mesh::Mesh;
 use crate::paths;
 use crate::physics::PhysicsManager;
 use crate::render::Pipeline;
-use crate::state::StateMachine;
+use crate::states::player_states::{LEAP_DURATION, ROLL_DURATION};
-use crate::systems::player_states::{LEAP_DURATION, ROLL_DURATION};
+use crate::states::state::StateMachine;
 use crate::world::{Transform, World};
 
 pub struct PlayerBundle

src/bundles/test_char.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use crate::loaders::mesh::Mesh;
 use crate::paths;
 use crate::physics::PhysicsManager;
 use crate::render::Pipeline;
-use crate::state::StateMachine;
+use crate::states::state::StateMachine;
 use crate::world::{Transform, World};
 
 pub struct TestCharBundle

src/components/camera.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,13 @@
-use glam::Mat4;
+use glam::{Mat4, Vec3};
+
+pub struct CameraTransition
+{
+    pub source_position: Vec3,
+    pub source_yaw: f32,
+    pub source_pitch: f32,
+    pub elapsed: f32,
+    pub duration: f32,
+}
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct CameraComponent

src/components/dialog.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use bladeink::story::Story;
+use glam::Vec3;
 
 use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
 
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ pub struct DialogProjectileComponent
     pub bubble_entity: EntityHandle,
     pub correct_parry: ParryButton,
     pub parry_window_open: bool,
+    pub velocity: Vec3,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]

src/components/intent.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+pub struct FollowPlayerIntent;
+
+pub struct StopFollowingIntent;
+
+pub struct CameraTransitionIntent
+{
+    pub duration: f32,
+}

src/components/mod.rs

@@ -3,18 +3,20 @@ pub mod dialog;
 pub mod dissolve;
 pub mod follow;
 pub mod input;
+pub mod intent;
 pub mod jump;
 pub mod lights;
 pub mod mesh;
 pub mod movement;
 pub mod noclip;
+pub mod particle;
 pub mod physics;
 pub mod player_states;
 pub mod rotate;
 pub mod tree_instances;
 pub mod trigger;
 
-pub use camera::CameraComponent;
+pub use camera::{CameraComponent, CameraTransition};
 pub use dialog::{
     DialogBubbleComponent, DialogOutcome, DialogOutcomeEvent, DialogPhase,
     DialogProjectileComponent, DialogSourceComponent, ParryButton,
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ pub use input::InputComponent;
 pub use jump::JumpComponent;
 pub use mesh::MeshComponent;
 pub use movement::MovementComponent;
+pub use particle::{ParticleEmitterConfig, SpawnParticleIntent};
 pub use physics::PhysicsComponent;
 pub use rotate::RotateComponent;
 pub use tree_instances::TreeInstancesComponent;

src/components/particle.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+pub struct ParticleEmitterConfig
+{
+    pub burst_count: u32,
+    pub lifetime: std::ops::Range<f32>,
+    pub speed: std::ops::Range<f32>,
+    pub direction: Option<glam::Vec3>,
+    pub direction_spread: f32,
+    pub gravity: f32,
+    pub size: std::ops::Range<f32>,
+    pub color_start: [f32; 4],
+    pub color_end: [f32; 4],
+}
+
+pub struct SpawnParticleIntent
+{
+    pub origin: glam::Vec3,
+    pub config: ParticleEmitterConfig,
+}

src/debug/gizmo.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+use bytemuck::cast_slice;
+use glam::{Mat4, Vec3};
+use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
+
+use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
+use crate::loaders::mesh::{InstanceRaw, Mesh, Vertex};
+use crate::render::{self, DrawCall, Pipeline};
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
+
+const GIZMO_DISTANCE_SCALE: f32 = 0.1;
+const ARROW_BASE: f32 = 0.85;
+const ARROW_SPREAD: f32 = 0.08;
+
+pub fn create_gizmo_mesh(device: &wgpu::Device) -> Mesh
+{
+    let vertices = vec![
+        Vertex {
+            position: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+            normal: [1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+            normal: [1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+            normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
+            normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+            normal: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+            normal: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [ARROW_BASE, ARROW_SPREAD, 0.0],
+            normal: [1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [ARROW_BASE, -ARROW_SPREAD, 0.0],
+            normal: [1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [ARROW_BASE, 0.0, ARROW_SPREAD],
+            normal: [1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [ARROW_BASE, 0.0, -ARROW_SPREAD],
+            normal: [1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [ARROW_SPREAD, ARROW_BASE, 0.0],
+            normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [-ARROW_SPREAD, ARROW_BASE, 0.0],
+            normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [0.0, ARROW_BASE, ARROW_SPREAD],
+            normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [0.0, ARROW_BASE, -ARROW_SPREAD],
+            normal: [0.0, 1.0, 0.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [ARROW_SPREAD, 0.0, ARROW_BASE],
+            normal: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [-ARROW_SPREAD, 0.0, ARROW_BASE],
+            normal: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [0.0, ARROW_SPREAD, ARROW_BASE],
+            normal: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+        Vertex {
+            position: [0.0, -ARROW_SPREAD, ARROW_BASE],
+            normal: [0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+            uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+        },
+    ];
+
+    let indices = vec![
+        0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 7, 1, 8, 1, 9, 1, 10, 3, 11, 3, 12, 3, 13, 3, 14, 5, 15, 5, 16, 5,
+        17, 5,
+    ];
+
+    Mesh::new(device, &vertices, &indices)
+}
+
+pub fn create_gizmo_instance_buffer(device: &wgpu::Device) -> wgpu::Buffer
+{
+    device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
+        label: Some("Gizmo Instance Buffer"),
+        contents: cast_slice(&[InstanceRaw {
+            model: Mat4::IDENTITY.to_cols_array_2d(),
+            dissolve_amount: 0.0,
+            _padding: [0.0; 3],
+        }]),
+        usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn render_transform_gizmo(
+    entity: EntityHandle,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+    camera_position: Vec3,
+    gizmo_mesh: &Mesh,
+    instance_buffer: &wgpu::Buffer,
+) -> Vec<DrawCall>
+{
+    let transform = match transforms.get(entity)
+    {
+        Some(t) => t,
+        None => return Vec::new(),
+    };
+
+    let distance = camera_position.distance(transform.position);
+    let scale = (distance * GIZMO_DISTANCE_SCALE).max(0.1);
+
+    let model = Mat4::from_scale_rotation_translation(
+        Vec3::splat(scale),
+        transform.rotation,
+        transform.position,
+    );
+
+    let instance_data = InstanceRaw {
+        model: model.to_cols_array_2d(),
+        dissolve_amount: 0.0,
+        _padding: [0.0; 3],
+    };
+
+    render::with_queue(|queue| {
+        queue.write_buffer(instance_buffer, 0, cast_slice(&[instance_data]));
+    });
+
+    vec![DrawCall {
+        vertex_buffer: gizmo_mesh.vertex_buffer.clone(),
+        index_buffer: gizmo_mesh.index_buffer.clone(),
+        num_indices: gizmo_mesh.num_indices,
+        model,
+        pipeline: Pipeline::GizmoLines,
+        instance_buffer: Some(instance_buffer.clone()),
+        num_instances: 1,
+        tile_scale: 4.0,
+        enable_dissolve: false,
+        enable_snow_light: false,
+        displacement_bind_group: None,
+        entity: None,
+    }]
+}

src/debug/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 pub mod collider_debug;
+pub mod gizmo;
 pub mod mode;
 
 pub use mode::DebugMode;

src/editor/mod.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ mod inspector;
 use sdl3_sys::events::SDL_Event;
 
 use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
-use crate::systems::camera_noclip_system;
-use crate::utility::input::InputState;
 use crate::world::World;
 
 pub use inspector::FrameStats;
@@ -73,18 +71,8 @@ impl EditorState
     }
 }
 
-pub fn editor_loop(
+pub fn editor_loop(editor: &mut EditorState, world: &mut World, stats: &FrameStats)
-    editor: &mut EditorState,
-    world: &mut World,
-    input_state: &InputState,
-    stats: &FrameStats,
-    delta: f32,
-)
 {
-    if editor.right_mouse_held
-    {
-        camera_noclip_system(world, input_state, delta);
-    }
     let selected = editor.selected_entity;
     let show_player_state = editor.show_player_state;
     editor

src/main.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ mod physics;
 mod picking;
 mod postprocess;
 mod render;
-mod state;
+mod states;
 mod systems;
 mod texture;
 mod utility;
@@ -21,20 +21,23 @@ use crate::bundles::spotlight::spawn_spotlights;
 use crate::bundles::terrain::{TerrainBundle, TerrainConfig};
 use crate::bundles::test_char::TestCharBundle;
 use crate::bundles::Bundle;
-use crate::debug::{collider_debug, DebugMode};
+use crate::components::intent::{FollowPlayerIntent, StopFollowingIntent};
+use crate::debug::{collider_debug, gizmo, DebugMode};
 use crate::editor::{editor_loop, EditorState, FrameStats};
 use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
 use crate::loaders::scene::Space;
 use crate::physics::PhysicsManager;
+use crate::render::particle_types::ParticleInstanceRaw;
 use crate::render::snow::{SnowConfig, SnowLayer};
-use crate::systems::camera::stop_camera_following;
 use crate::systems::{
-    camera_follow_system, camera_input_system, camera_view_matrix, dialog_bubble_render_system,
+    camera_follow_system, camera_ground_clamp_system, camera_input_system, camera_intent_system,
-    dialog_camera_system, dialog_projectile_system, dialog_system, physics_sync_system,
+    camera_noclip_system, camera_transition_system, camera_view_matrix, collect_instances,
-    player_input_system, render_system, rotate_system, snow_system, spotlight_sync_system,
+    dialog_bubble_render_system, dialog_camera_system, dialog_camera_transition_system,
-    start_camera_following, state_machine_physics_system, state_machine_system,
+    dialog_projectile_system, dialog_system, particle_intent_system, particle_update_system,
-    tree_dissolve_update_system, tree_instance_buffer_update_system, tree_occlusion_system,
+    physics_sync_system, player_input_system, render_system, rotate_system, snow_system,
-    trigger_system,
+    spawn_snow_particles, spotlight_sync_system, state_machine_physics_system,
+    state_machine_system, tree_dissolve_update_system, tree_instance_buffer_update_system,
+    tree_occlusion_system, trigger_system,
 };
 use crate::utility::input::InputState;
 use crate::utility::time::Time;
@@ -72,6 +75,7 @@ fn init() -> Result<Game, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>
         .window("snow_trail", 1200, 900)
         .position_centered()
         .resizable()
+        .high_pixel_density()
         .vulkan()
         .build()?;
     let renderer = pollster::block_on(Renderer::new(&window, 2))?;
@@ -85,7 +89,9 @@ fn init() -> Result<Game, Box<dyn std::error::Error>>
     editor.init_platform(&window);
 
     let (mut world, camera_entity) = init_world()?;
-    start_camera_following(&mut world, camera_entity);
+    world
+        .follow_player_intents
+        .insert(camera_entity, FollowPlayerIntent);
 
     let _event_pump = sdl_context.event_pump()?;
     let input_state = InputState::new();
@@ -208,7 +214,9 @@ fn process_events(game: &mut Game) -> bool
             {
                 game.editor.right_mouse_held = true;
                 game.input_state.mouse_captured = true;
-                stop_camera_following(&mut game.world, game.camera_entity);
+                game.world
+                    .stop_following_intents
+                    .insert(game.camera_entity, StopFollowingIntent);
                 game.sdl_context
                     .mouse()
                     .set_relative_mouse_mode(&game.window, true);
@@ -265,16 +273,29 @@ fn toggle_editor(game: &mut Game)
     game.editor.active = !game.editor.active;
     if game.editor.active
     {
-        stop_camera_following(&mut game.world, game.camera_entity);
+        game.world
+            .stop_following_intents
+            .insert(game.camera_entity, StopFollowingIntent);
         game.sdl_context
             .mouse()
             .set_relative_mouse_mode(&game.window, false);
         game.editor.right_mouse_held = false;
         game.input_state.mouse_captured = false;
+        if game.world.gizmo_mesh.is_none()
+        {
+            game.world.gizmo_mesh = Some(render::with_device(|device| {
+                gizmo::create_gizmo_mesh(device)
+            }));
+            game.world.gizmo_instance_buffer = Some(render::with_device(|device| {
+                gizmo::create_gizmo_instance_buffer(device)
+            }));
+        }
     }
     else
     {
-        start_camera_following(&mut game.world, game.camera_entity);
+        game.world
+            .follow_player_intents
+            .insert(game.camera_entity, FollowPlayerIntent);
         game.input_state.mouse_captured = true;
         game.sdl_context
             .mouse()
@@ -284,7 +305,11 @@ fn toggle_editor(game: &mut Game)
 
 fn handle_editor_pick(game: &mut Game, x: f32, y: f32)
 {
-    let view = match camera_view_matrix(&game.world)
+    let view = match camera_view_matrix(
+        &game.world.cameras,
+        &game.world.transforms,
+        &game.world.follows,
+    )
     {
         Some(v) => v,
         None => return,
@@ -301,7 +326,13 @@ fn handle_editor_pick(game: &mut Game, x: f32, y: f32)
     render::set_selected_entity(game.editor.selected_entity);
 }
 
-fn submit_frame(game: &mut Game, draw_calls: &[render::DrawCall], time: f32, delta: f32)
+fn submit_frame(
+    game: &mut Game,
+    draw_calls: &[render::DrawCall],
+    particle_instances: &[ParticleInstanceRaw],
+    time: f32,
+    delta: f32,
+)
 {
     let (camera_entity, camera_component) = match game.world.active_camera()
     {
@@ -313,7 +344,11 @@ fn submit_frame(game: &mut Game, draw_calls: &[render::DrawCall], time: f32, del
         Some(t) => t,
         None => return,
     };
-    let view = match camera_view_matrix(&game.world)
+    let view = match camera_view_matrix(
+        &game.world.cameras,
+        &game.world.transforms,
+        &game.world.follows,
+    )
     {
         Some(v) => v,
         None => return,
@@ -323,8 +358,13 @@ fn submit_frame(game: &mut Game, draw_calls: &[render::DrawCall], time: f32, del
     let view_proj = projection * view;
     let player_pos = game.world.player_position();
 
-    let billboard_calls =
+    let (billboard_calls, text_vertices) = dialog_bubble_render_system(
-        dialog_bubble_render_system(&game.world, camera_transform.position, view_proj);
+        &game.world.transforms,
+        &game.world.dialog_bubbles,
+        &game.world.bubble_tags,
+        camera_transform.position,
+        view_proj,
+    );
 
     let frame = render::render(
         &view,
@@ -333,6 +373,8 @@ fn submit_frame(game: &mut Game, draw_calls: &[render::DrawCall], time: f32, del
         player_pos,
         draw_calls,
         &billboard_calls,
+        &text_vertices,
+        particle_instances,
         time,
         delta,
         game.world.debug_mode,
@@ -384,35 +426,77 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>
             game.editor.show_player_state = !game.editor.show_player_state;
         }
 
-        // --- camera + input ---
+        // --- intent generation ---
-        camera_input_system(&mut game.world, &game.input_state);
+        camera_input_system(
+            &mut game.world.cameras,
+            &game.world.follows,
+            &game.input_state,
+        );
+        player_input_system(
+            &game.world.cameras,
+            &game.world.follows,
+            &game.world.player_tags,
+            &mut game.world.inputs,
+            &game.input_state,
+        );
+        dialog_camera_transition_system(
+            &game.world.bubble_tags,
+            &mut game.world.camera_transition_intents,
+            &mut game.world.was_dialog_active,
+            game.camera_entity,
+        );
 
+        // --- intent processing + camera ---
+        camera_intent_system(
+            &mut game.world.follow_player_intents,
+            &mut game.world.stop_following_intents,
+            &mut game.world.camera_transition_intents,
+            &mut game.world.follows,
+            &mut game.world.transforms,
+            &mut game.world.cameras,
+            &game.world.player_tags,
+            &mut game.world.camera_transitions,
+        );
+        camera_noclip_system(
+            &game.world.cameras,
+            &game.world.follows,
+            &mut game.world.transforms,
+            &game.input_state,
+            delta,
+        );
+        let player_pos = game.world.player_position();
+        dialog_camera_system(
+            &mut game.world.cameras,
+            &mut game.world.transforms,
+            &game.world.bubble_tags,
+            player_pos,
+            delta,
+        );
+        camera_follow_system(
+            &mut game.world.follows,
+            &game.world.cameras,
+            &mut game.world.transforms,
+        );
+        camera_transition_system(
+            &mut game.world.camera_transitions,
+            &mut game.world.transforms,
+            &mut game.world.cameras,
+            delta,
+        );
+        camera_ground_clamp_system(
+            &game.world.cameras,
+            &game.world.follows,
+            &mut game.world.transforms,
+        );
+
+        // --- editor overlay ---
         if game.editor.active
         {
-            editor_loop(
+            editor_loop(&mut game.editor, &mut game.world, &game.stats);
-                &mut game.editor,
-                &mut game.world,
-                &game.input_state,
-                &game.stats,
-                delta,
-            );
         }
-        else
+        if game.editor.show_player_state
         {
-            let dialog_active = !game.world.bubble_tags.all().is_empty();
+            game.editor.build_hud(&game.world);
-            if dialog_active
-            {
-                dialog_camera_system(&mut game.world, delta);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                camera_follow_system(&mut game.world);
-            }
-            player_input_system(&mut game.world, &game.input_state);
-            if game.editor.show_player_state
-            {
-                game.editor.build_hud(&game.world);
-            }
         }
 
         // --- fixed-step physics ---
@@ -423,10 +507,42 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>
         {
             state_machine_physics_system(&mut game.world, FIXED_TIMESTEP);
             PhysicsManager::physics_step();
-            physics_sync_system(&mut game.world);
+            physics_sync_system(
-            trigger_system(&mut game.world);
+                &game.world.entities,
-            dialog_system(&mut game.world, FIXED_TIMESTEP);
+                &game.world.physics,
-            dialog_projectile_system(&mut game.world, &game.input_state);
+                &mut game.world.transforms,
+            );
+            trigger_system(
+                &mut game.world.trigger_events,
+                &mut game.world.triggers,
+                &game.world.transforms,
+                &game.world.player_tags,
+            );
+            dialog_system(
+                &mut game.world.entities,
+                &game.world.trigger_events,
+                &game.world.dialog_sources,
+                &mut game.world.bubble_tags,
+                &mut game.world.dialog_bubbles,
+                &mut game.world.transforms,
+                &mut game.world.names,
+                &game.world.player_tags,
+                &mut game.world.projectile_tags,
+                &mut game.world.dialog_projectiles,
+                &mut game.world.dialog_outcomes,
+                FIXED_TIMESTEP,
+            );
+            dialog_projectile_system(
+                &game.world.player_tags,
+                &mut game.world.transforms,
+                &mut game.world.projectile_tags,
+                &mut game.world.dialog_projectiles,
+                &mut game.world.spawn_particle_intents,
+                &mut game.world.dialog_outcomes,
+                &game.world.leaping_states,
+                &game.world.rolling_states,
+                &game.input_state,
+            );
             game.physics_accumulator -= FIXED_TIMESTEP;
         }
 
@@ -434,19 +550,46 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>
 
         // --- per-frame systems ---
         state_machine_system(&mut game.world, delta);
-        rotate_system(&mut game.world, delta);
+        rotate_system(&game.world.rotates, &mut game.world.transforms, delta);
 
-        tree_occlusion_system(&mut game.world);
+        tree_occlusion_system(
-        tree_dissolve_update_system(&mut game.world, delta);
+            &game.world.player_tags,
-        tree_instance_buffer_update_system(&mut game.world);
+            &game.world.transforms,
+            &game.world.cameras,
+            &mut game.world.tree_instances,
+        );
+        tree_dissolve_update_system(&mut game.world.tree_instances, delta);
+        tree_instance_buffer_update_system(&game.world.tree_instances);
 
-        let spotlights = spotlight_sync_system(&game.world);
+        let spotlights = spotlight_sync_system(&game.world.spotlights, &game.world.transforms);
         render::update_spotlights(spotlights);
 
-        snow_system(&mut game.world, game.editor.active);
+        snow_system(
+            &game.world.cameras,
+            &game.world.transforms,
+            &game.world.player_tags,
+            &game.world.follows,
+            &mut game.world.snow_layer,
+        );
+
+        particle_intent_system(
+            &mut game.world.particle_buffers,
+            &mut game.world.spawn_particle_intents,
+        );
+        particle_update_system(&mut game.world.particle_buffers, delta);
+        let particle_cam_pos = game.world.active_camera_position();
+        if let Some(ref mut buffers) = game.world.particle_buffers
+        {
+            spawn_snow_particles(buffers, particle_cam_pos, delta);
+        }
 
         // --- draw call collection ---
-        let mut draw_calls = render_system(&game.world);
+        let mut draw_calls = render_system(
+            &game.world.entities,
+            &game.world.transforms,
+            &game.world.meshes,
+            &game.world.dissolves,
+        );
         if let Some(ref snow_layer) = game.world.snow_layer
         {
             draw_calls.extend(snow_layer.get_draw_calls());
@@ -457,12 +600,38 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>>
             draw_calls.extend(collider_debug::render_collider_debug());
         }
 
+        if game.editor.active
+        {
+            if let Some(entity) = game.editor.selected_entity
+            {
+                let cam_pos = game.world.active_camera_position();
+                if let (Some(ref mesh), Some(ref buf)) =
+                    (&game.world.gizmo_mesh, &game.world.gizmo_instance_buffer)
+                {
+                    draw_calls.extend(gizmo::render_transform_gizmo(
+                        entity,
+                        &game.world.transforms,
+                        cam_pos,
+                        mesh,
+                        buf,
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         game.stats.draw_call_count = draw_calls.len();
         game.stats.fps = 1.0 / delta;
         game.stats.frame_ms = delta * 1000.0;
 
+        let particle_instances: Vec<ParticleInstanceRaw> = game
+            .world
+            .particle_buffers
+            .as_mut()
+            .map(|b| collect_instances(b).to_vec())
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+
         // --- render ---
-        submit_frame(&mut game, &draw_calls, time, delta);
+        submit_frame(&mut game, &draw_calls, &particle_instances, time, delta);
 
         // --- end frame ---
         game.input_state.clear_just_pressed();

src/paths.rs

@@ -63,6 +63,16 @@ pub mod dialogs
     }
 }
 
+pub mod fonts
+{
+    use crate::paths::ASSETS_DIR;
+
+    pub fn departure_mono() -> String
+    {
+        format!("{}/fonts/DepartureMono-Regular.otf", ASSETS_DIR)
+    }
+}
+
 pub mod shaders
 {
     use crate::paths::SHADERS_DIR;
@@ -87,6 +97,16 @@ pub mod shaders
         format!("{}/snow_deform.wgsl", SHADERS_DIR)
     }
 
+    pub fn text() -> String
+    {
+        format!("{}/text.wgsl", SHADERS_DIR)
+    }
+
+    pub fn particle() -> String
+    {
+        format!("{}/particle.wgsl", SHADERS_DIR)
+    }
+
     pub const SHADOW_PACKAGE: &str = "package::shadow";
     pub const MAIN_PACKAGE: &str = "package::main";
     pub const SNOW_LIGHT_ACCUMULATION_PACKAGE: &str = "package::snow_light_accumulation";

src/render/font_atlas.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+use ab_glyph::{Font, FontVec, PxScale, ScaleFont};
+use glam::Vec3;
+
+use crate::paths;
+
+use super::text_pipeline::TextVertex;
+
+const ATLAS_COLS: u32 = 16;
+const ATLAS_ROWS: u32 = 8;
+const FIRST_CHAR: u32 = 32;
+const LAST_CHAR: u32 = 126;
+const NUM_GLYPHS: u32 = LAST_CHAR - FIRST_CHAR + 1;
+const FONT_PX: f32 = 124.0;
+
+struct GlyphMetrics
+{
+    uv_min: [f32; 2],
+    uv_max: [f32; 2],
+}
+
+pub struct FontAtlas
+{
+    pub texture_view: wgpu::TextureView,
+    pub sampler: wgpu::Sampler,
+    glyphs: Vec<GlyphMetrics>,
+    pub cell_w: f32,
+    pub cell_h: f32,
+}
+
+impl FontAtlas
+{
+    pub fn load(device: &wgpu::Device, queue: &wgpu::Queue) -> Self
+    {
+        let path = paths::fonts::departure_mono();
+        let data = std::fs::read(&path).unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("Failed to read font: {path}"));
+        let font = FontVec::try_from_vec(data).expect("Failed to parse font");
+
+        let scale = PxScale::from(FONT_PX);
+        let scaled = font.as_scaled(scale);
+
+        let ascent = scaled.ascent();
+        let descent = scaled.descent();
+        let cell_h = (ascent - descent).ceil() as u32;
+        let cell_w = scaled.h_advance(font.glyph_id(' ')).ceil() as u32;
+
+        let atlas_w = ATLAS_COLS * cell_w;
+        let atlas_h = ATLAS_ROWS * cell_h;
+
+        let mut pixels = vec![0u8; (atlas_w * atlas_h) as usize];
+        let mut glyphs = Vec::with_capacity(NUM_GLYPHS as usize);
+
+        for idx in 0..NUM_GLYPHS
+        {
+            let ch = char::from_u32(FIRST_CHAR + idx).unwrap_or(' ');
+            let col = idx % ATLAS_COLS;
+            let row = idx / ATLAS_COLS;
+            let cell_x = col * cell_w;
+            let cell_y = row * cell_h;
+
+            glyphs.push(GlyphMetrics {
+                uv_min: [
+                    cell_x as f32 / atlas_w as f32,
+                    cell_y as f32 / atlas_h as f32,
+                ],
+                uv_max: [
+                    (cell_x + cell_w) as f32 / atlas_w as f32,
+                    (cell_y + cell_h) as f32 / atlas_h as f32,
+                ],
+            });
+
+            let glyph_id = font.glyph_id(ch);
+            let glyph = glyph_id.with_scale_and_position(
+                scale,
+                ab_glyph::point(cell_x as f32, cell_y as f32 + ascent),
+            );
+
+            if let Some(outlined) = font.outline_glyph(glyph)
+            {
+                let bounds = outlined.px_bounds();
+                outlined.draw(|x, y, coverage| {
+                    let abs_x = bounds.min.x.floor() as i32 + x as i32;
+                    let abs_y = bounds.min.y.floor() as i32 + y as i32;
+                    if abs_x >= 0 && abs_y >= 0
+                    {
+                        let ax = abs_x as u32;
+                        let ay = abs_y as u32;
+                        if ax < atlas_w && ay < atlas_h
+                        {
+                            let i = (ay * atlas_w + ax) as usize;
+                            let v = (coverage * 255.0 + 0.5) as u8;
+                            pixels[i] = pixels[i].max(v);
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        let extent = wgpu::Extent3d {
+            width: atlas_w,
+            height: atlas_h,
+            depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+        };
+        let texture = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Font Atlas"),
+            size: extent,
+            mip_level_count: 1,
+            sample_count: 1,
+            dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
+            format: wgpu::TextureFormat::R8Unorm,
+            usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING | wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_DST,
+            view_formats: &[],
+        });
+
+        queue.write_texture(
+            wgpu::TexelCopyTextureInfo {
+                texture: &texture,
+                mip_level: 0,
+                origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
+                aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+            },
+            &pixels,
+            wgpu::TexelCopyBufferLayout {
+                offset: 0,
+                bytes_per_row: Some(atlas_w),
+                rows_per_image: Some(atlas_h),
+            },
+            extent,
+        );
+
+        let texture_view = texture.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
+        let sampler = device.create_sampler(&wgpu::SamplerDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Font Atlas Sampler"),
+            address_mode_u: wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
+            address_mode_v: wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
+            mag_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Linear,
+            min_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Linear,
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
+
+        Self {
+            texture_view,
+            sampler,
+            glyphs,
+            cell_w: cell_w as f32,
+            cell_h: cell_h as f32,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn aspect(&self) -> f32
+    {
+        self.cell_w / self.cell_h
+    }
+
+    /// Build billboard-space text quads for a single dialog bubble.
+    ///
+    /// `anchor`      – world-space centre of the bubble body  
+    /// `right`/`up`  – billboard orientation vectors  
+    /// `inner_half_w` – half-width of the text area in world units  
+    /// `inner_top_y`  – y-offset (up-axis) of the top edge of the text area  
+    /// `char_world_h` – world-space height of one character cell  
+    /// `line_spacing` – extra vertical gap between lines in world units  
+    /// Returns `(n_lines, max_chars_in_any_line)` for the given text wrapped at `inner_half_w`.
+    pub fn measure_text(&self, text: &str, char_world_h: f32, inner_half_w: f32) -> (usize, usize)
+    {
+        let char_w = char_world_h * self.aspect();
+        let chars_per_line = ((inner_half_w * 2.0) / char_w).floor() as usize;
+
+        if chars_per_line == 0
+        {
+            return (1, 0);
+        }
+
+        let lines = word_wrap(text, chars_per_line);
+        let n_lines = lines.len().max(1);
+        let max_chars = lines.iter().map(|l| l.chars().count()).max().unwrap_or(0);
+
+        (n_lines, max_chars)
+    }
+
+    pub fn build_bubble_text(
+        &self,
+        text: &str,
+        anchor: Vec3,
+        right: Vec3,
+        up: Vec3,
+        inner_half_w: f32,
+        inner_top_y: f32,
+        char_world_h: f32,
+        line_spacing: f32,
+    ) -> Vec<TextVertex>
+    {
+        let char_w = char_world_h * self.aspect();
+        let chars_per_line = ((inner_half_w * 2.0) / char_w).floor() as usize;
+
+        if chars_per_line == 0
+        {
+            return Vec::new();
+        }
+
+        let lines = word_wrap(text, chars_per_line);
+        let half_char_h = char_world_h * 0.5;
+        let half_char_w = char_w * 0.5;
+        let text_left = -inner_half_w;
+
+        let mut verts = Vec::new();
+
+        for (row, line) in lines.iter().enumerate()
+        {
+            let y = inner_top_y - half_char_h - row as f32 * (char_world_h + line_spacing);
+            if y < -inner_top_y + half_char_h
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            for (col, ch) in line.chars().enumerate()
+            {
+                if ch == ' '
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                let code = ch as u32;
+                if code < FIRST_CHAR || code > LAST_CHAR
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let g = &self.glyphs[(code - FIRST_CHAR) as usize];
+
+                let x = text_left + half_char_w + col as f32 * char_w;
+                let centre = anchor + right * x + up * y;
+
+                let tl = centre - right * half_char_w + up * half_char_h;
+                let tr = centre + right * half_char_w + up * half_char_h;
+                let br = centre + right * half_char_w - up * half_char_h;
+                let bl = centre - right * half_char_w - up * half_char_h;
+
+                verts.extend_from_slice(&[
+                    TextVertex {
+                        position: tl.to_array(),
+                        uv: g.uv_min,
+                    },
+                    TextVertex {
+                        position: tr.to_array(),
+                        uv: [g.uv_max[0], g.uv_min[1]],
+                    },
+                    TextVertex {
+                        position: br.to_array(),
+                        uv: g.uv_max,
+                    },
+                    TextVertex {
+                        position: bl.to_array(),
+                        uv: [g.uv_min[0], g.uv_max[1]],
+                    },
+                ]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        verts
+    }
+}
+
+fn word_wrap(text: &str, chars_per_line: usize) -> Vec<String>
+{
+    let mut lines: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+    let mut current = String::new();
+
+    for word in text.split_whitespace()
+    {
+        if current.is_empty()
+        {
+            current.push_str(word);
+        }
+        else if current.len() + 1 + word.len() <= chars_per_line
+        {
+            current.push(' ');
+            current.push_str(word);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            lines.push(current.clone());
+            current = word.to_string();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if !current.is_empty()
+    {
+        lines.push(current);
+    }
+
+    lines
+}

src/render/global.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ use std::cell::RefCell;
 use crate::debug::DebugMode;
 use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
 
-use super::{BillboardDrawCall, DrawCall, Renderer, Spotlight};
+use super::particle_types::ParticleInstanceRaw;
+use super::text_pipeline::TextVertex;
+use super::{BillboardDrawCall, DrawCall, FontAtlas, Renderer, Spotlight};
 
 thread_local! {
     static GLOBAL_RENDERER: RefCell<Option<Renderer>> = RefCell::new(None);
@@ -99,6 +101,13 @@ pub fn set_selected_entity(entity: Option<EntityHandle>)
     with_mut(|r| r.selected_entity = entity);
 }
 
+pub fn with_font_atlas<F, R>(f: F) -> R
+where
+    F: FnOnce(&FontAtlas) -> R,
+{
+    with_ref(|r| f(&r.font_atlas))
+}
+
 pub fn render(
     view: &glam::Mat4,
     projection: &glam::Mat4,
@@ -106,6 +115,8 @@ pub fn render(
     player_position: glam::Vec3,
     draw_calls: &[DrawCall],
     billboard_calls: &[BillboardDrawCall],
+    text_vertices: &[TextVertex],
+    particle_instances: &[ParticleInstanceRaw],
     time: f32,
     delta_time: f32,
     debug_mode: DebugMode,
@@ -119,6 +130,8 @@ pub fn render(
             player_position,
             draw_calls,
             billboard_calls,
+            text_vertices,
+            particle_instances,
             time,
             delta_time,
             debug_mode,

src/render/mod.rs

@@ -6,14 +6,23 @@ mod shadow;
 mod types;
 
 pub mod billboard;
+pub mod font_atlas;
+pub mod particle_pipeline;
+pub mod particle_types;
 pub mod snow;
 pub mod snow_light;
+pub mod text_pipeline;
 
 pub use billboard::{BillboardDrawCall, BillboardPipeline};
+pub use font_atlas::FontAtlas;
 pub use global::{
     aspect_ratio, init, init_snow_light_accumulation, render, set_selected_entity, set_snow_depth,
-    set_terrain_data, update_spotlights, with_device, with_queue, with_surface_format,
+    set_terrain_data, update_spotlights, with_device, with_font_atlas, with_queue,
+    with_surface_format,
 };
+pub use particle_pipeline::ParticlePipeline;
+pub use particle_types::ParticleInstanceRaw;
+pub use text_pipeline::TextVertex;
 pub use types::{DrawCall, Pipeline, Spotlight, SpotlightRaw, Uniforms, MAX_SPOTLIGHTS};
 
 use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
@@ -23,8 +32,8 @@ use crate::paths;
 use crate::postprocess::{create_blit_pipeline, create_fullscreen_quad, LowResFramebuffer};
 use crate::texture::{DitherTextures, FlowmapTexture};
 use pipeline::{
-    create_debug_lines_pipeline, create_main_pipeline, create_snow_clipmap_pipeline,
+    create_debug_lines_pipeline, create_gizmo_lines_pipeline, create_main_pipeline,
-    create_wireframe_pipeline,
+    create_snow_clipmap_pipeline, create_wireframe_pipeline,
 };
 use std::num::NonZeroU64;
 
@@ -38,13 +47,18 @@ pub struct Renderer
     pub config: wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration,
 
     framebuffer: LowResFramebuffer,
+    fullres_depth_view: wgpu::TextureView,
 
     standard_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
     snow_clipmap_pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
     wireframe_pipeline: Option<wgpu::RenderPipeline>,
     debug_lines_pipeline: Option<wgpu::RenderPipeline>,
+    gizmo_lines_pipeline: Option<wgpu::RenderPipeline>,
     debug_overlay: Option<debug_overlay::DebugOverlay>,
     billboard_pipeline: BillboardPipeline,
+    particle_pipeline: ParticlePipeline,
+    font_atlas: font_atlas::FontAtlas,
+    text_pipeline: text_pipeline::TextPipeline,
     wireframe_supported: bool,
 
     uniform_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
@@ -148,6 +162,23 @@ impl Renderer
         let framebuffer =
             LowResFramebuffer::new(&device, low_res_width, low_res_height, config.format);
 
+        let fullres_depth_texture = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Full Res Depth Texture"),
+            size: wgpu::Extent3d {
+                width: config.width,
+                height: config.height,
+                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+            },
+            mip_level_count: 1,
+            sample_count: 1,
+            dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
+            format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float,
+            usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT,
+            view_formats: &[],
+        });
+        let fullres_depth_view =
+            fullres_depth_texture.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
+
         let uniform_buffer = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
             label: Some("Uniform Buffer"),
             size: (std::mem::size_of::<Uniforms>() * MAX_DRAW_CALLS) as wgpu::BufferAddress,
@@ -501,7 +532,16 @@ impl Renderer
             &bind_group_layout,
         ));
 
+        let gizmo_lines_pipeline = Some(create_gizmo_lines_pipeline(
+            &device,
+            config.format,
+            &bind_group_layout,
+        ));
+
         let billboard_pipeline = BillboardPipeline::new(&device, config.format);
+        let particle_pipeline = ParticlePipeline::new(&device, config.format);
+        let font_atlas = font_atlas::FontAtlas::load(&device, &queue);
+        let text_pipeline = text_pipeline::TextPipeline::new(&device, config.format, &font_atlas);
 
         let debug_overlay = Some(debug_overlay::DebugOverlay::new(&device, config.format));
 
@@ -526,12 +566,17 @@ impl Renderer
             surface,
             config,
             framebuffer,
+            fullres_depth_view,
             standard_pipeline,
             snow_clipmap_pipeline,
             wireframe_pipeline,
             debug_lines_pipeline,
+            gizmo_lines_pipeline,
             debug_overlay,
             billboard_pipeline,
+            particle_pipeline,
+            font_atlas,
+            text_pipeline,
             wireframe_supported,
             uniform_buffer,
             bind_group_layout,
@@ -576,6 +621,8 @@ impl Renderer
         player_position: glam::Vec3,
         draw_calls: &[DrawCall],
         billboard_calls: &[BillboardDrawCall],
+        text_vertices: &[text_pipeline::TextVertex],
+        particle_instances: &[ParticleInstanceRaw],
         time: f32,
         delta_time: f32,
         debug_mode: DebugMode,
@@ -701,6 +748,10 @@ impl Renderer
                         .debug_lines_pipeline
                         .as_ref()
                         .unwrap_or(&self.standard_pipeline),
+                    Pipeline::GizmoLines => self
+                        .gizmo_lines_pipeline
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .unwrap_or(&self.standard_pipeline),
                 };
                 render_pass.set_pipeline(pipeline);
                 render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.bind_group, &[offset as u32]);
@@ -731,7 +782,7 @@ impl Renderer
                 {
                     if matches!(
                         draw_call.pipeline,
-                        Pipeline::SnowClipmap | Pipeline::DebugLines
+                        Pipeline::SnowClipmap | Pipeline::DebugLines | Pipeline::GizmoLines
                     )
                     {
                         continue;
@@ -825,7 +876,7 @@ impl Renderer
 
                     if matches!(
                         draw_call.pipeline,
-                        Pipeline::SnowClipmap | Pipeline::DebugLines
+                        Pipeline::SnowClipmap | Pipeline::DebugLines | Pipeline::GizmoLines
                     )
                     {
                         continue;
@@ -954,14 +1005,6 @@ impl Renderer
             }
         }
 
-        self.billboard_pipeline.render(
-            &mut encoder,
-            &self.queue,
-            &self.framebuffer.view,
-            &self.framebuffer.depth_view,
-            billboard_calls,
-        );
-
         self.queue.submit(std::iter::once(encoder.finish()));
 
         let frame = match self.surface.get_current_texture()
@@ -1012,6 +1055,63 @@ impl Renderer
         }
 
         self.queue.submit(std::iter::once(blit_encoder.finish()));
+
+        let mut overlay_encoder =
+            self.device
+                .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+                    label: Some("Dialog Overlay Encoder"),
+                });
+
+        {
+            let _depth_clear = overlay_encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+                label: Some("Full Res Depth Clear"),
+                color_attachments: &[],
+                depth_stencil_attachment: Some(wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment {
+                    view: &self.fullres_depth_view,
+                    depth_ops: Some(wgpu::Operations {
+                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(1.0),
+                        store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                    }),
+                    stencil_ops: None,
+                }),
+                timestamp_writes: None,
+                occlusion_query_set: None,
+                multiview_mask: None,
+            });
+        }
+
+        self.billboard_pipeline.render(
+            &mut overlay_encoder,
+            &self.queue,
+            &screen_view,
+            &self.fullres_depth_view,
+            billboard_calls,
+        );
+
+        let view_proj_mat = *projection * *view;
+        self.text_pipeline.render(
+            &mut overlay_encoder,
+            &self.queue,
+            &screen_view,
+            &self.fullres_depth_view,
+            text_vertices,
+            view_proj_mat.to_cols_array_2d(),
+        );
+
+        if !particle_instances.is_empty()
+        {
+            self.particle_pipeline.render(
+                &mut overlay_encoder,
+                &self.queue,
+                &screen_view,
+                &self.fullres_depth_view,
+                particle_instances,
+                view_proj_mat,
+                *view,
+            );
+        }
+
+        self.queue.submit(std::iter::once(overlay_encoder.finish()));
         frame
     }
 

src/render/particle_pipeline.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+use std::mem::size_of;
+use std::num::NonZeroU64;
+
+use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
+use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
+
+use crate::paths;
+use crate::render::particle_types::{ParticleInstanceRaw, ParticleVertex, MAX_PARTICLES};
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Pod, Zeroable)]
+struct ParticleUniforms
+{
+    view_proj: [[f32; 4]; 4],
+    camera_right: [f32; 3],
+    _pad0: f32,
+    camera_up: [f32; 3],
+    _pad1: f32,
+}
+
+pub struct ParticlePipeline
+{
+    pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
+    vertex_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
+    index_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
+    instance_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
+    uniform_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
+    bind_group: wgpu::BindGroup,
+}
+
+impl ParticlePipeline
+{
+    pub fn new(device: &wgpu::Device, format: wgpu::TextureFormat) -> Self
+    {
+        let shader_source = std::fs::read_to_string(&paths::shaders::particle())
+            .expect("Failed to read particle.wgsl");
+
+        let shader = device.create_shader_module(wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Particle Shader"),
+            source: wgpu::ShaderSource::Wgsl(shader_source.into()),
+        });
+
+        let bind_group_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Particle Bind Group Layout"),
+            entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                binding: 0,
+                visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::VERTEX | wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
+                    ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform,
+                    has_dynamic_offset: false,
+                    min_binding_size: NonZeroU64::new(size_of::<ParticleUniforms>() as u64),
+                },
+                count: None,
+            }],
+        });
+
+        let uniform_buffer = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Particle Uniform Buffer"),
+            size: 256,
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+            mapped_at_creation: false,
+        });
+
+        let bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Particle Bind Group"),
+            layout: &bind_group_layout,
+            entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                binding: 0,
+                resource: uniform_buffer.as_entire_binding(),
+            }],
+        });
+
+        let vertices: [ParticleVertex; 4] = [
+            ParticleVertex {
+                position: [-0.5, 0.5, 0.0],
+                uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+            },
+            ParticleVertex {
+                position: [0.5, 0.5, 0.0],
+                uv: [1.0, 0.0],
+            },
+            ParticleVertex {
+                position: [0.5, -0.5, 0.0],
+                uv: [1.0, 1.0],
+            },
+            ParticleVertex {
+                position: [-0.5, -0.5, 0.0],
+                uv: [0.0, 1.0],
+            },
+        ];
+
+        let vertex_buffer = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Particle Vertex Buffer"),
+            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&vertices),
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX,
+        });
+
+        let indices: [u16; 6] = [0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0];
+        let index_buffer = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Particle Index Buffer"),
+            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&indices),
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::INDEX,
+        });
+
+        let instance_buffer = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Particle Instance Buffer"),
+            size: (MAX_PARTICLES * size_of::<ParticleInstanceRaw>()) as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+            mapped_at_creation: false,
+        });
+
+        let pipeline_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Particle Pipeline Layout"),
+            bind_group_layouts: &[&bind_group_layout],
+            immediate_size: 0,
+        });
+
+        let pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Particle Pipeline"),
+            layout: Some(&pipeline_layout),
+            vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
+                module: &shader,
+                entry_point: Some("vs_main"),
+                buffers: &[ParticleVertex::desc(), ParticleInstanceRaw::desc()],
+                compilation_options: Default::default(),
+            },
+            fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
+                module: &shader,
+                entry_point: Some("fs_main"),
+                targets: &[Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
+                    format,
+                    blend: Some(wgpu::BlendState::ALPHA_BLENDING),
+                    write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
+                })],
+                compilation_options: Default::default(),
+            }),
+            primitive: wgpu::PrimitiveState {
+                topology: wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleList,
+                strip_index_format: None,
+                front_face: wgpu::FrontFace::Ccw,
+                cull_mode: None,
+                polygon_mode: wgpu::PolygonMode::Fill,
+                unclipped_depth: false,
+                conservative: false,
+            },
+            depth_stencil: Some(wgpu::DepthStencilState {
+                format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float,
+                depth_write_enabled: false,
+                depth_compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::LessEqual,
+                stencil: wgpu::StencilState::default(),
+                bias: wgpu::DepthBiasState::default(),
+            }),
+            multisample: wgpu::MultisampleState {
+                count: 1,
+                mask: !0,
+                alpha_to_coverage_enabled: false,
+            },
+            multiview_mask: None,
+            cache: None,
+        });
+
+        Self {
+            pipeline,
+            vertex_buffer,
+            index_buffer,
+            instance_buffer,
+            uniform_buffer,
+            bind_group,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn render(
+        &self,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
+        color_view: &wgpu::TextureView,
+        depth_view: &wgpu::TextureView,
+        instances: &[ParticleInstanceRaw],
+        view_proj: glam::Mat4,
+        view: glam::Mat4,
+    )
+    {
+        if instances.is_empty()
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let num_instances = instances.len().min(MAX_PARTICLES);
+        queue.write_buffer(
+            &self.instance_buffer,
+            0,
+            bytemuck::cast_slice(&instances[..num_instances]),
+        );
+
+        let inv_view = view.inverse();
+        let camera_right = inv_view.x_axis.truncate();
+        let camera_up = inv_view.y_axis.truncate();
+
+        let uniforms = ParticleUniforms {
+            view_proj: view_proj.to_cols_array_2d(),
+            camera_right: camera_right.into(),
+            _pad0: 0.0,
+            camera_up: camera_up.into(),
+            _pad1: 0.0,
+        };
+        queue.write_buffer(&self.uniform_buffer, 0, bytemuck::cast_slice(&[uniforms]));
+
+        {
+            let mut pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+                label: Some("Particle Pass"),
+                color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
+                    view: color_view,
+                    resolve_target: None,
+                    ops: wgpu::Operations {
+                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Load,
+                        store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                    },
+                    depth_slice: None,
+                })],
+                depth_stencil_attachment: Some(wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment {
+                    view: depth_view,
+                    depth_ops: Some(wgpu::Operations {
+                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Load,
+                        store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                    }),
+                    stencil_ops: None,
+                }),
+                timestamp_writes: None,
+                occlusion_query_set: None,
+                multiview_mask: None,
+            });
+
+            pass.set_pipeline(&self.pipeline);
+            pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.bind_group, &[]);
+            pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, self.vertex_buffer.slice(..));
+            pass.set_vertex_buffer(1, self.instance_buffer.slice(..));
+            pass.set_index_buffer(self.index_buffer.slice(..), wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint16);
+            pass.draw_indexed(0..6, 0, 0..num_instances as u32);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/render/particle_types.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
+
+pub const MAX_PARTICLES: usize = 4096;
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Pod, Zeroable)]
+pub struct ParticleVertex
+{
+    pub position: [f32; 3],
+    pub uv: [f32; 2],
+}
+
+impl ParticleVertex
+{
+    pub fn desc() -> wgpu::VertexBufferLayout<'static>
+    {
+        wgpu::VertexBufferLayout {
+            array_stride: std::mem::size_of::<ParticleVertex>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+            step_mode: wgpu::VertexStepMode::Vertex,
+            attributes: &[
+                wgpu::VertexAttribute {
+                    offset: 0,
+                    shader_location: 0,
+                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x3,
+                },
+                wgpu::VertexAttribute {
+                    offset: std::mem::size_of::<[f32; 3]>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+                    shader_location: 1,
+                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x2,
+                },
+            ],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Pod, Zeroable)]
+pub struct ParticleInstanceRaw
+{
+    pub position: [f32; 3],
+    pub velocity: [f32; 3],
+    pub size: f32,
+    pub color: [f32; 4],
+    pub age: f32,
+    pub _padding: [f32; 3],
+}
+
+const _: () = assert!(std::mem::size_of::<ParticleInstanceRaw>() == 60);
+
+impl ParticleInstanceRaw
+{
+    pub fn desc() -> wgpu::VertexBufferLayout<'static>
+    {
+        wgpu::VertexBufferLayout {
+            array_stride: std::mem::size_of::<ParticleInstanceRaw>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+            step_mode: wgpu::VertexStepMode::Instance,
+            attributes: &[
+                wgpu::VertexAttribute {
+                    offset: 0,
+                    shader_location: 2,
+                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x3,
+                },
+                wgpu::VertexAttribute {
+                    offset: std::mem::size_of::<[f32; 3]>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+                    shader_location: 3,
+                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x3,
+                },
+                wgpu::VertexAttribute {
+                    offset: std::mem::size_of::<[f32; 3]>() as wgpu::BufferAddress * 2,
+                    shader_location: 4,
+                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32,
+                },
+                wgpu::VertexAttribute {
+                    offset: std::mem::size_of::<[f32; 3]>() as wgpu::BufferAddress * 2
+                        + std::mem::size_of::<f32>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+                    shader_location: 5,
+                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x4,
+                },
+                wgpu::VertexAttribute {
+                    offset: std::mem::size_of::<[f32; 3]>() as wgpu::BufferAddress * 2
+                        + std::mem::size_of::<f32>() as wgpu::BufferAddress
+                        + std::mem::size_of::<[f32; 4]>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+                    shader_location: 6,
+                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32,
+                },
+            ],
+        }
+    }
+}

src/render/pipeline.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,92 @@
 use crate::paths;
 use wesl::Wesl;
 
+fn create_lines_pipeline(
+    device: &wgpu::Device,
+    format: wgpu::TextureFormat,
+    bind_group_layout: &wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
+    fragment_entry_point: &str,
+    label_prefix: &str,
+) -> wgpu::RenderPipeline
+{
+    let compiler = Wesl::new(&paths::SHADERS_DIR);
+    let shader_source = compiler
+        .compile(&paths::shaders::MAIN_PACKAGE.parse().unwrap())
+        .inspect_err(|e| eprintln!("WESL error: {e}"))
+        .unwrap()
+        .to_string();
+
+    let shader_label = format!("{label_prefix} Shader");
+    let shader = device.create_shader_module(wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor {
+        label: Some(&shader_label),
+        source: wgpu::ShaderSource::Wgsl(shader_source.into()),
+    });
+
+    let layout_label = format!("{label_prefix} Pipeline Layout");
+    let render_pipeline_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
+        label: Some(&layout_label),
+        bind_group_layouts: &[bind_group_layout],
+        immediate_size: 0,
+    });
+
+    let pipeline_label = format!("{label_prefix} Pipeline");
+    device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
+        label: Some(&pipeline_label),
+        layout: Some(&render_pipeline_layout),
+        vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
+            module: &shader,
+            entry_point: Some("vs_main"),
+            buffers: &[
+                crate::loaders::mesh::Vertex::desc(),
+                crate::loaders::mesh::InstanceRaw::desc(),
+            ],
+            compilation_options: Default::default(),
+        },
+        fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
+            module: &shader,
+            entry_point: Some(fragment_entry_point),
+            targets: &[Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
+                format,
+                blend: Some(wgpu::BlendState::REPLACE),
+                write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
+            })],
+            compilation_options: Default::default(),
+        }),
+        primitive: wgpu::PrimitiveState {
+            topology: wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::LineList,
+            strip_index_format: None,
+            front_face: wgpu::FrontFace::Ccw,
+            cull_mode: None,
+            polygon_mode: wgpu::PolygonMode::Fill,
+            unclipped_depth: false,
+            conservative: false,
+        },
+        depth_stencil: Some(wgpu::DepthStencilState {
+            format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float,
+            depth_write_enabled: false,
+            depth_compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
+            stencil: wgpu::StencilState::default(),
+            bias: wgpu::DepthBiasState::default(),
+        }),
+        multisample: wgpu::MultisampleState {
+            count: 1,
+            mask: !0,
+            alpha_to_coverage_enabled: false,
+        },
+        multiview_mask: None,
+        cache: None,
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn create_gizmo_lines_pipeline(
+    device: &wgpu::Device,
+    format: wgpu::TextureFormat,
+    bind_group_layout: &wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
+) -> wgpu::RenderPipeline
+{
+    create_lines_pipeline(device, format, bind_group_layout, "fs_gizmo", "Gizmo Lines")
+}
+
 pub fn create_shadow_pipeline(
     device: &wgpu::Device,
     bind_group_layout: &wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
@@ -215,70 +301,7 @@ pub fn create_debug_lines_pipeline(
     bind_group_layout: &wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
 ) -> wgpu::RenderPipeline
 {
-    let compiler = Wesl::new(&paths::SHADERS_DIR);
+    create_lines_pipeline(device, format, bind_group_layout, "fs_main", "Debug Lines")
-    let shader_source = compiler
-        .compile(&paths::shaders::MAIN_PACKAGE.parse().unwrap())
-        .inspect_err(|e| eprintln!("WESL error: {e}"))
-        .unwrap()
-        .to_string();
-
-    let shader = device.create_shader_module(wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor {
-        label: Some("Debug Lines Shader"),
-        source: wgpu::ShaderSource::Wgsl(shader_source.into()),
-    });
-
-    let render_pipeline_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
-        label: Some("Debug Lines Pipeline Layout"),
-        bind_group_layouts: &[bind_group_layout],
-        immediate_size: 0,
-    });
-
-    device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
-        label: Some("Debug Lines Pipeline"),
-        layout: Some(&render_pipeline_layout),
-        vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
-            module: &shader,
-            entry_point: Some("vs_main"),
-            buffers: &[
-                crate::loaders::mesh::Vertex::desc(),
-                crate::loaders::mesh::InstanceRaw::desc(),
-            ],
-            compilation_options: Default::default(),
-        },
-        fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
-            module: &shader,
-            entry_point: Some("fs_main"),
-            targets: &[Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
-                format,
-                blend: Some(wgpu::BlendState::REPLACE),
-                write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
-            })],
-            compilation_options: Default::default(),
-        }),
-        primitive: wgpu::PrimitiveState {
-            topology: wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::LineList,
-            strip_index_format: None,
-            front_face: wgpu::FrontFace::Ccw,
-            cull_mode: None,
-            polygon_mode: wgpu::PolygonMode::Fill,
-            unclipped_depth: false,
-            conservative: false,
-        },
-        depth_stencil: Some(wgpu::DepthStencilState {
-            format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float,
-            depth_write_enabled: false,
-            depth_compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::Always,
-            stencil: wgpu::StencilState::default(),
-            bias: wgpu::DepthBiasState::default(),
-        }),
-        multisample: wgpu::MultisampleState {
-            count: 1,
-            mask: !0,
-            alpha_to_coverage_enabled: false,
-        },
-        multiview_mask: None,
-        cache: None,
-    })
 }
 
 pub fn create_snow_clipmap_pipeline(

src/render/text_pipeline.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
+use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
+
+use crate::paths;
+
+use super::font_atlas::FontAtlas;
+
+const MAX_TEXT_CHARS: usize = 512;
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Pod, Zeroable)]
+pub struct TextVertex
+{
+    pub position: [f32; 3],
+    pub uv: [f32; 2],
+}
+
+impl TextVertex
+{
+    fn desc() -> wgpu::VertexBufferLayout<'static>
+    {
+        wgpu::VertexBufferLayout {
+            array_stride: std::mem::size_of::<TextVertex>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+            step_mode: wgpu::VertexStepMode::Vertex,
+            attributes: &[
+                wgpu::VertexAttribute {
+                    offset: 0,
+                    shader_location: 0,
+                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x3,
+                },
+                wgpu::VertexAttribute {
+                    offset: std::mem::size_of::<[f32; 3]>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+                    shader_location: 1,
+                    format: wgpu::VertexFormat::Float32x2,
+                },
+            ],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Pod, Zeroable)]
+struct ViewProjUniform
+{
+    matrix: [[f32; 4]; 4],
+}
+
+pub struct TextPipeline
+{
+    pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
+    vertex_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
+    index_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
+    uniform_buffer: wgpu::Buffer,
+    bind_group: wgpu::BindGroup,
+}
+
+impl TextPipeline
+{
+    pub fn new(device: &wgpu::Device, format: wgpu::TextureFormat, atlas: &FontAtlas) -> Self
+    {
+        let shader_src =
+            std::fs::read_to_string(&paths::shaders::text()).expect("Failed to read text.wgsl");
+        let shader = device.create_shader_module(wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text Shader"),
+            source: wgpu::ShaderSource::Wgsl(shader_src.into()),
+        });
+
+        let bind_group_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text Bind Group Layout"),
+            entries: &[
+                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                    binding: 0,
+                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::VERTEX,
+                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
+                        ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform,
+                        has_dynamic_offset: false,
+                        min_binding_size: std::num::NonZeroU64::new(std::mem::size_of::<
+                            ViewProjUniform,
+                        >()
+                            as u64),
+                    },
+                    count: None,
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                    binding: 1,
+                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Texture {
+                        sample_type: wgpu::TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: true },
+                        view_dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
+                        multisampled: false,
+                    },
+                    count: None,
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                    binding: 2,
+                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler(wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Filtering),
+                    count: None,
+                },
+            ],
+        });
+
+        let uniform_buffer = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text ViewProj Buffer"),
+            size: std::mem::size_of::<ViewProjUniform>() as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+            mapped_at_creation: false,
+        });
+
+        let bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text Bind Group"),
+            layout: &bind_group_layout,
+            entries: &[
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 0,
+                    resource: uniform_buffer.as_entire_binding(),
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 1,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&atlas.texture_view),
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                    binding: 2,
+                    resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&atlas.sampler),
+                },
+            ],
+        });
+
+        let vertex_buffer = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text Vertex Buffer"),
+            size: (MAX_TEXT_CHARS * 4 * std::mem::size_of::<TextVertex>()) as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::VERTEX | wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
+            mapped_at_creation: false,
+        });
+
+        let indices: Vec<u16> = (0..MAX_TEXT_CHARS as u16)
+            .flat_map(|i| {
+                let b = i * 4;
+                [b, b + 1, b + 2, b + 2, b + 3, b]
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let index_buffer = device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text Index Buffer"),
+            contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&indices),
+            usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::INDEX,
+        });
+
+        let pipeline_layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text Pipeline Layout"),
+            bind_group_layouts: &[&bind_group_layout],
+            immediate_size: 0,
+        });
+
+        let pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text Pipeline"),
+            layout: Some(&pipeline_layout),
+            vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
+                module: &shader,
+                entry_point: Some("vs_main"),
+                buffers: &[TextVertex::desc()],
+                compilation_options: Default::default(),
+            },
+            fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
+                module: &shader,
+                entry_point: Some("fs_main"),
+                targets: &[Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
+                    format,
+                    blend: Some(wgpu::BlendState::ALPHA_BLENDING),
+                    write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
+                })],
+                compilation_options: Default::default(),
+            }),
+            primitive: wgpu::PrimitiveState {
+                topology: wgpu::PrimitiveTopology::TriangleList,
+                strip_index_format: None,
+                front_face: wgpu::FrontFace::Ccw,
+                cull_mode: None,
+                polygon_mode: wgpu::PolygonMode::Fill,
+                unclipped_depth: false,
+                conservative: false,
+            },
+            depth_stencil: Some(wgpu::DepthStencilState {
+                format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32Float,
+                depth_write_enabled: false,
+                depth_compare: wgpu::CompareFunction::LessEqual,
+                stencil: wgpu::StencilState::default(),
+                bias: wgpu::DepthBiasState::default(),
+            }),
+            multisample: wgpu::MultisampleState {
+                count: 1,
+                mask: !0,
+                alpha_to_coverage_enabled: false,
+            },
+            multiview_mask: None,
+            cache: None,
+        });
+
+        Self {
+            pipeline,
+            vertex_buffer,
+            index_buffer,
+            uniform_buffer,
+            bind_group,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn render(
+        &self,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
+        color_view: &wgpu::TextureView,
+        depth_view: &wgpu::TextureView,
+        vertices: &[TextVertex],
+        view_proj: [[f32; 4]; 4],
+    )
+    {
+        if vertices.is_empty()
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let n_chars = (vertices.len() / 4).min(MAX_TEXT_CHARS);
+        let used = &vertices[..n_chars * 4];
+
+        queue.write_buffer(
+            &self.uniform_buffer,
+            0,
+            bytemuck::cast_slice(&[ViewProjUniform { matrix: view_proj }]),
+        );
+        queue.write_buffer(&self.vertex_buffer, 0, bytemuck::cast_slice(used));
+
+        let mut pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+            label: Some("Text Pass"),
+            color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
+                view: color_view,
+                resolve_target: None,
+                ops: wgpu::Operations {
+                    load: wgpu::LoadOp::Load,
+                    store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                },
+                depth_slice: None,
+            })],
+            depth_stencil_attachment: Some(wgpu::RenderPassDepthStencilAttachment {
+                view: depth_view,
+                depth_ops: Some(wgpu::Operations {
+                    load: wgpu::LoadOp::Load,
+                    store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                }),
+                stencil_ops: None,
+            }),
+            timestamp_writes: None,
+            occlusion_query_set: None,
+            multiview_mask: None,
+        });
+
+        pass.set_pipeline(&self.pipeline);
+        pass.set_bind_group(0, &self.bind_group, &[]);
+        pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, self.vertex_buffer.slice(..));
+        pass.set_index_buffer(self.index_buffer.slice(..), wgpu::IndexFormat::Uint16);
+        pass.draw_indexed(0..(n_chars * 6) as u32, 0, 0..1);
+    }
+}

src/render/types.rs

@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ pub enum Pipeline
     Standard,
     SnowClipmap,
     DebugLines,
+    GizmoLines,
 }
 
 pub struct DrawCall

src/shaders/main.wesl

@@ -81,6 +81,15 @@ fn fs_main(in: VertexOutput) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Fragment shader for transform gizmo lines.
+/// Outputs `world_normal` directly as the RGB color — the vertex data encodes
+/// axis color (X=red, Y=green, Z=blue) in the normal attribute rather than
+/// storing a true geometric normal.
+@fragment
+fn fs_gizmo(in: VertexOutput) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
+    return vec4(in.world_normal, 1.0);
+}
+
 @group(1) @binding(0)
 var heightmap_texture: texture_2d<f32>;
 

src/shaders/particle.wgsl

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+struct ParticleUniforms
+{
+    view_proj:    mat4x4<f32>,
+    camera_right: vec3<f32>,
+    _pad0:        f32,
+    camera_up:    vec3<f32>,
+    _pad1:        f32,
+}
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<uniform> uniforms: ParticleUniforms;
+
+struct VertexIn
+{
+    @location(0) position: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(1) uv:       vec2<f32>,
+}
+
+struct ParticleInstance
+{
+    @location(2) position: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(3) velocity: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(4) size:     f32,
+    @location(5) color:    vec4<f32>,
+    @location(6) age:      f32,
+}
+
+struct VertexOut
+{
+    @builtin(position) clip_pos: vec4<f32>,
+    @location(0)       uv:       vec2<f32>,
+    @location(1)       color:    vec4<f32>,
+    @location(2)       age:      f32,
+}
+
+@vertex
+fn vs_main(in: VertexIn, inst: ParticleInstance) -> VertexOut
+{
+    var out: VertexOut;
+
+    let stretch = length(inst.velocity) * 0.05;
+    let vel_dir = normalize(select(inst.velocity, vec3<f32>(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
+        length(inst.velocity) > 0.001));
+
+    let world_pos = inst.position
+        + uniforms.camera_right * (in.uv.x - 0.5) * inst.size
+        + uniforms.camera_up    * (in.uv.y - 0.5) * inst.size
+        + vel_dir * (in.uv.y - 0.5) * stretch;
+
+    out.clip_pos = uniforms.view_proj * vec4<f32>(world_pos, 1.0);
+    out.uv       = in.uv;
+    out.color    = inst.color;
+    out.age      = inst.age;
+    return out;
+}
+
+var<private> bayer: array<f32, 16> = array<f32, 16>(
+     0.0,  8.0,  2.0, 10.0,
+    12.0,  4.0, 14.0,  6.0,
+     3.0, 11.0,  1.0,  9.0,
+    15.0,  7.0, 13.0,  5.0,
+);
+
+@fragment
+fn fs_main(in: VertexOut) -> @location(0) vec4<f32>
+{
+    let centered  = in.uv * 2.0 - vec2<f32>(1.0, 1.0);
+    let dist      = length(centered);
+    let circle    = 1.0 - smoothstep(0.7, 1.0, dist);
+    let age_alpha = (1.0 - in.age) * in.color.a * circle;
+
+    let fx     = u32(in.clip_pos.x) % 4u;
+    let fy     = u32(in.clip_pos.y) % 4u;
+    let thresh = bayer[fy * 4u + fx] / 16.0;
+    if age_alpha <= thresh
+    {
+        discard;
+    }
+
+    return vec4<f32>(in.color.rgb, 1.0);
+}

src/shaders/text.wgsl

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+struct Uniforms
+{
+    view_proj: mat4x4<f32>,
+}
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var<uniform> u: Uniforms;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var glyph_atlas: texture_2d<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var glyph_sampler: sampler;
+
+struct VertexIn
+{
+    @location(0) position: vec3<f32>,
+    @location(1) uv:       vec2<f32>,
+}
+
+struct VertexOut
+{
+    @builtin(position) clip_pos: vec4<f32>,
+    @location(0)       uv:       vec2<f32>,
+}
+
+@vertex
+fn vs_main(in: VertexIn) -> VertexOut
+{
+    var out: VertexOut;
+    out.clip_pos = u.view_proj * vec4<f32>(in.position, 1.0);
+    out.uv       = in.uv;
+    return out;
+}
+
+@fragment
+fn fs_main(in: VertexOut) -> @location(0) vec4<f32>
+{
+    let coverage = textureSample(glyph_atlas, glyph_sampler, in.uv).r;
+    if coverage < 0.004
+    {
+        discard;
+    }
+    return vec4<f32>(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, coverage);
+}

src/states/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+pub mod player_states;
+pub mod state;

src/states/player_states.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::components::player_states::{
 };
 use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
 use crate::physics::PhysicsManager;
-use crate::state::PlayerState;
+use crate::states::state::State;
 use crate::world::World;
 
 pub const LEAP_DURATION: f32 = 0.18;
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub const ROLL_DURATION: f32 = 0.42;
 const LEAP_SPEED: f32 = 18.0;
 const ROLL_SPEED: f32 = 14.0;
 
-impl PlayerState for IdleState
+impl State for IdleState
 {
     fn tick_time(&mut self, delta: f32)
     {
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ impl PlayerState for IdleState
     }
 }
 
-impl PlayerState for WalkingState
+impl State for WalkingState
 {
     fn tick_time(&mut self, delta: f32)
     {
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ impl PlayerState for WalkingState
     }
 }
 
-impl PlayerState for JumpingState
+impl State for JumpingState
 {
     fn tick_time(&mut self, delta: f32)
     {
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ impl PlayerState for JumpingState
     }
 }
 
-impl PlayerState for FallingState
+impl State for FallingState
 {
     fn tick_time(&mut self, delta: f32)
     {
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ impl PlayerState for FallingState
     }
 }
 
-impl PlayerState for LeapingState
+impl State for LeapingState
 {
     fn tick_time(&mut self, delta: f32)
     {
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ impl PlayerState for LeapingState
     }
 }
 
-impl PlayerState for RollingState
+impl State for RollingState
 {
     fn tick_time(&mut self, delta: f32)
     {

src/states/state.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
 use crate::world::{Storage, World};
 
-pub trait PlayerState
+pub trait State
 {
     fn tick_time(&mut self, _delta: f32) {}
     fn on_enter(&mut self, _world: &mut World, _entity: EntityHandle) {}
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl StateMachine
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn register_state<S: PlayerState + Default + 'static>(
+    pub fn register_state<S: State + Default + 'static>(
         &mut self,
         storage: fn(&mut World) -> &mut Storage<S>,
     )

src/systems/camera.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,32 @@
 use glam::Vec3;
 
+use crate::components::camera::{CameraComponent, CameraTransition};
+use crate::components::intent::{CameraTransitionIntent, FollowPlayerIntent, StopFollowingIntent};
 use crate::components::FollowComponent;
+use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
+use crate::physics::PhysicsManager;
 use crate::utility::input::InputState;
-use crate::world::{Transform, World};
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn camera_view_matrix(world: &World) -> Option<glam::Mat4>
+const CAMERA_GROUND_OFFSET: f32 = 2.0;
+
+pub fn camera_view_matrix(
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+    follows: &Storage<FollowComponent>,
+) -> Option<glam::Mat4>
 {
-    let (camera_entity, camera_component) = world.active_camera()?;
+    let (camera_entity, camera_component) = cameras
-    let camera_transform = world.transforms.get(camera_entity)?;
+        .components
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
+        .map(|(e, c)| (*e, c))?;
+    let camera_transform = transforms.get(camera_entity)?;
 
-    if let Some(follow) = world.follows.get(camera_entity)
+    if let Some(follow) = follows.get(camera_entity)
     {
-        if let Some(target_transform) = world.transforms.get(follow.target)
+        if let Some(target_transform) = transforms.get(follow.target)
         {
             return Some(glam::Mat4::look_at_rh(
                 camera_transform.position,
@@ -30,13 +45,17 @@ pub fn camera_view_matrix(world: &World) -> Option<glam::Mat4>
     ))
 }
 
-pub fn camera_input_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
+pub fn camera_input_system(
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    follows: &Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    input_state: &InputState,
+)
 {
-    let cameras: Vec<_> = world.cameras.all();
+    let camera_entities: Vec<_> = cameras.all();
 
-    for camera_entity in cameras
+    for camera_entity in camera_entities
     {
-        if let Some(camera) = world.cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
+        if let Some(camera) = cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
         {
             if !camera.is_active
             {
@@ -45,7 +64,7 @@ pub fn camera_input_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
 
             if input_state.mouse_delta.0.abs() > 0.0 || input_state.mouse_delta.1.abs() > 0.0
             {
-                let is_following = world.follows.get(camera_entity).is_some();
+                let is_following = follows.get(camera_entity).is_some();
 
                 camera.yaw += input_state.mouse_delta.0 * 0.0008;
 
@@ -66,20 +85,61 @@ pub fn camera_input_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
     }
 }
 
-pub fn camera_follow_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn camera_intent_system(
+    follow_player_intents: &mut Storage<FollowPlayerIntent>,
+    stop_following_intents: &mut Storage<StopFollowingIntent>,
+    camera_transition_intents: &mut Storage<CameraTransitionIntent>,
+    follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    camera_transitions: &mut Storage<CameraTransition>,
+)
 {
-    let camera_entities: Vec<_> = world.follows.all();
+    let follow_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = follow_player_intents.all();
+    for entity in follow_entities
+    {
+        start_camera_following(follows, transforms, cameras, player_tags, entity);
+        follow_player_intents.remove(entity);
+    }
+
+    let stop_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = stop_following_intents.all();
+    for entity in stop_entities
+    {
+        stop_camera_following(follows, transforms, cameras, entity);
+        stop_following_intents.remove(entity);
+    }
+
+    let transition_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = camera_transition_intents.all();
+    for entity in transition_entities
+    {
+        let duration = camera_transition_intents
+            .get(entity)
+            .map(|i| i.duration)
+            .unwrap_or(0.5);
+        start_camera_transition(camera_transitions, transforms, cameras, entity, duration);
+        camera_transition_intents.remove(entity);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn camera_follow_system(
+    follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+)
+{
+    let camera_entities: Vec<_> = follows.all();
 
     for camera_entity in camera_entities
     {
-        if let Some(camera) = world.cameras.get(camera_entity)
+        if let Some(camera) = cameras.get(camera_entity)
         {
-            if let Some(follow) = world.follows.get(camera_entity)
+            if let Some(follow) = follows.get(camera_entity)
             {
                 let target_entity = follow.target;
                 let offset = follow.offset.position;
 
-                if let Some(target_transform) = world.transforms.get(target_entity)
+                if let Some(target_transform) = transforms.get(target_entity)
                 {
                     let target_position = target_transform.position;
                     let distance = offset.length();
@@ -92,13 +152,11 @@ pub fn camera_follow_system(world: &mut World)
 
                     let new_offset = Vec3::new(offset_x, offset_y, offset_z);
 
-                    world
+                    transforms.with_mut(camera_entity, |camera_transform| {
-                        .transforms
+                        camera_transform.position = target_position + new_offset;
-                        .with_mut(camera_entity, |camera_transform| {
+                    });
-                            camera_transform.position = target_position + new_offset;
-                        });
 
-                    world.follows.components.get_mut(&camera_entity).map(|f| {
+                    follows.components.get_mut(&camera_entity).map(|f| {
                         f.offset.position = new_offset;
                     });
                 }
@@ -107,13 +165,29 @@ pub fn camera_follow_system(world: &mut World)
     }
 }
 
-pub fn camera_noclip_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState, delta: f32)
+pub fn camera_noclip_system(
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    follows: &Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    input_state: &InputState,
+    delta: f32,
+)
 {
-    let cameras: Vec<_> = world.cameras.all();
+    if !input_state.mouse_captured
-
-    for camera_entity in cameras
     {
-        if let Some(camera) = world.cameras.get(camera_entity)
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let camera_entities: Vec<_> = cameras.all();
+
+    for camera_entity in camera_entities
+    {
+        if follows.get(camera_entity).is_some()
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(camera) = cameras.get(camera_entity)
         {
             if !camera.is_active
             {
@@ -157,7 +231,7 @@ pub fn camera_noclip_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState, delta:
                 speed *= 10.0;
             }
 
-            if let Some(camera_transform) = world.transforms.get_mut(camera_entity)
+            if let Some(camera_transform) = transforms.get_mut(camera_entity)
             {
                 camera_transform.position += forward * input_vec.z * speed;
                 camera_transform.position += right * input_vec.x * speed;
@@ -167,28 +241,34 @@ pub fn camera_noclip_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState, delta:
     }
 }
 
-pub fn start_camera_following(world: &mut World, camera_entity: crate::entity::EntityHandle)
+fn start_camera_following(
+    follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    camera_entity: EntityHandle,
+)
 {
-    if let Some(camera_transform) = world.transforms.get(camera_entity)
+    if let Some(camera_transform) = transforms.get(camera_entity)
     {
-        let player_entities = world.player_tags.all();
+        let player_entities = player_tags.all();
         if let Some(&player_entity) = player_entities.first()
         {
-            if let Some(target_transform) = world.transforms.get(player_entity)
+            if let Some(target_transform) = transforms.get(player_entity)
             {
                 let offset = camera_transform.position - target_transform.position;
                 let distance = offset.length();
 
                 if distance > 0.0
                 {
-                    if let Some(camera) = world.cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
+                    if let Some(camera) = cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
                     {
                         camera.pitch = (offset.y / distance).asin();
                         camera.yaw = offset.z.atan2(offset.x) + std::f32::consts::PI;
                     }
                 }
 
-                world.follows.insert(
+                follows.insert(
                     camera_entity,
                     FollowComponent {
                         target: player_entity,
@@ -202,20 +282,25 @@ pub fn start_camera_following(world: &mut World, camera_entity: crate::entity::E
     }
 }
 
-pub fn stop_camera_following(world: &mut World, camera_entity: crate::entity::EntityHandle)
+fn stop_camera_following(
+    follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    camera_entity: EntityHandle,
+)
 {
-    if let Some(follow) = world.follows.get(camera_entity)
+    if let Some(follow) = follows.get(camera_entity)
     {
         let target_entity = follow.target;
 
-        if let Some(camera_transform) = world.transforms.get(camera_entity)
+        if let Some(camera_transform) = transforms.get(camera_entity)
         {
-            if let Some(target_transform) = world.transforms.get(target_entity)
+            if let Some(target_transform) = transforms.get(target_entity)
             {
                 let look_direction =
                     (target_transform.position - camera_transform.position).normalize();
 
-                if let Some(camera) = world.cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
+                if let Some(camera) = cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
                 {
                     camera.yaw = look_direction.z.atan2(look_direction.x);
                     camera.pitch = look_direction.y.asin();
@@ -223,6 +308,156 @@ pub fn stop_camera_following(world: &mut World, camera_entity: crate::entity::En
             }
         }
 
-        world.follows.remove(camera_entity);
+        follows.remove(camera_entity);
     }
 }
+
+pub fn camera_ground_clamp_system(
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    follows: &Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+)
+{
+    let camera_entity = cameras
+        .components
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
+        .map(|(e, _)| *e);
+
+    let Some(camera_entity) = camera_entity
+    else
+    {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    if follows.get(camera_entity).is_none()
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    transforms.with_mut(camera_entity, |t| {
+        let ground_y =
+            PhysicsManager::get_terrain_height_at(t.position.x, t.position.z).unwrap_or(0.0);
+        let min_y = ground_y + CAMERA_GROUND_OFFSET;
+        if t.position.y < min_y
+        {
+            t.position.y = min_y;
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+fn start_camera_transition(
+    camera_transitions: &mut Storage<CameraTransition>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    camera_entity: EntityHandle,
+    duration: f32,
+)
+{
+    let Some(camera) = cameras.get(camera_entity)
+    else
+    {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    let source_yaw = camera.yaw;
+    let source_pitch = camera.pitch;
+
+    let source_position = transforms
+        .with(camera_entity, |t| t.position)
+        .unwrap_or(Vec3::ZERO);
+
+    camera_transitions.insert(
+        camera_entity,
+        CameraTransition {
+            source_position,
+            source_yaw,
+            source_pitch,
+            elapsed: 0.0,
+            duration,
+        },
+    );
+}
+
+pub fn camera_transition_system(
+    camera_transitions: &mut Storage<CameraTransition>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    delta: f32,
+)
+{
+    let entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = camera_transitions.all();
+
+    for entity in entities
+    {
+        let finished = {
+            let Some(transition) = camera_transitions.get_mut(entity)
+            else
+            {
+                continue;
+            };
+
+            transition.elapsed += delta;
+            let t = (transition.elapsed / transition.duration).min(1.0);
+            let t = smoothstep(t);
+
+            let source_position = transition.source_position;
+            let source_yaw = transition.source_yaw;
+            let source_pitch = transition.source_pitch;
+            let finished = t >= 1.0;
+
+            transforms.with_mut(entity, |transform| {
+                transform.position = source_position.lerp(transform.position, t);
+            });
+
+            if let Some(camera) = cameras.get_mut(entity)
+            {
+                camera.yaw = lerp_angle(source_yaw, camera.yaw, t);
+                camera.pitch = source_pitch + (camera.pitch - source_pitch) * t;
+            }
+
+            if !finished
+            {
+                if let Some(transition) = camera_transitions.get_mut(entity)
+                {
+                    let pos = transforms
+                        .with(entity, |tr| tr.position)
+                        .unwrap_or(Vec3::ZERO);
+                    let cam = cameras.get(entity);
+                    transition.source_position = pos;
+                    if let Some(cam) = cam
+                    {
+                        transition.source_yaw = cam.yaw;
+                        transition.source_pitch = cam.pitch;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            finished
+        };
+
+        if finished
+        {
+            camera_transitions.remove(entity);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn smoothstep(t: f32) -> f32
+{
+    t * t * (3.0 - 2.0 * t)
+}
+
+fn lerp_angle(from: f32, to: f32, t: f32) -> f32
+{
+    let mut diff = to - from;
+    while diff > std::f32::consts::PI
+    {
+        diff -= std::f32::consts::TAU;
+    }
+    while diff < -std::f32::consts::PI
+    {
+        diff += std::f32::consts::TAU;
+    }
+    from + diff * t
+}

src/systems/dialog.rs

@@ -1,346 +0,0 @@
-use bladeink::story::Story;
-use glam::Vec3;
-
-use crate::components::dialog::{
-    DialogBubbleComponent, DialogPhase, DialogProjectileComponent, ParryButton,
-};
-use crate::components::trigger::TriggerEventKind;
-use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
-use crate::world::{Transform, World};
-
-const DEFAULT_DISPLAY_TIME: f32 = 3.0;
-const PARRY_TAG_PREFIX: &str = "parry:";
-const TIMER_TAG_PREFIX: &str = "timer:";
-
-pub fn dialog_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
-{
-    process_trigger_events(world);
-    tick_displaying_bubbles(world, delta);
-    process_outcomes(world);
-}
-
-fn process_trigger_events(world: &mut World)
-{
-    let events: Vec<_> = world.trigger_events.iter().cloned().collect();
-
-    for event in events
-    {
-        let has_source = world.dialog_sources.get(event.trigger_entity).is_some();
-        if !has_source
-        {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        match event.kind
-        {
-            TriggerEventKind::Entered =>
-            {
-                let already_active = world.bubble_tags.all().iter().any(|&b| {
-                    world
-                        .dialog_bubbles
-                        .with(b, |db| db.character_entity == event.trigger_entity)
-                        .unwrap_or(false)
-                });
-
-                if already_active
-                {
-                    continue;
-                }
-
-                spawn_bubble(world, event.trigger_entity);
-            }
-
-            TriggerEventKind::Exited =>
-            {
-                despawn_bubbles_for_character(world, event.trigger_entity);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn spawn_bubble(world: &mut World, character_entity: EntityHandle)
-{
-    let ink_json = match world
-        .dialog_sources
-        .with(character_entity, |s| s.ink_json.clone())
-    {
-        Some(json) => json,
-        None => return,
-    };
-
-    let mut story = match Story::new(&ink_json)
-    {
-        Ok(s) => s,
-        Err(e) =>
-        {
-            eprintln!("Failed to load ink story: {e}");
-            return;
-        }
-    };
-
-    let (text, parry, display_time) = advance_story(&mut story);
-
-    let character_pos = world
-        .transforms
-        .with(character_entity, |t| t.position)
-        .unwrap_or(Vec3::ZERO);
-
-    let bubble_entity = world.spawn();
-    world.transforms.insert(
-        bubble_entity,
-        Transform::from_position(character_pos + Vec3::new(0.0, 2.5, 0.0)),
-    );
-    world
-        .names
-        .insert(bubble_entity, "DialogBubble".to_string());
-    world.bubble_tags.insert(bubble_entity, ());
-    world.dialog_bubbles.insert(
-        bubble_entity,
-        DialogBubbleComponent {
-            story,
-            character_entity,
-            current_text: text,
-            phase: DialogPhase::Displaying {
-                timer: display_time,
-            },
-            correct_parry: parry,
-            display_time,
-        },
-    );
-
-    println!("Dialog bubble spawned for character {character_entity}");
-}
-
-fn despawn_bubbles_for_character(world: &mut World, character_entity: EntityHandle)
-{
-    let bubbles: Vec<EntityHandle> = world.bubble_tags.all();
-
-    for bubble_entity in bubbles
-    {
-        let matches = world
-            .dialog_bubbles
-            .with(bubble_entity, |b| b.character_entity == character_entity)
-            .unwrap_or(false);
-
-        if !matches
-        {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if let Some(bubble) = world.dialog_bubbles.get(bubble_entity)
-        {
-            if let DialogPhase::ProjectileInFlight { projectile_entity } = bubble.phase
-            {
-                world.despawn(projectile_entity);
-            }
-        }
-
-        world.despawn(bubble_entity);
-        println!("Dialog bubble despawned for character {character_entity}");
-    }
-}
-
-fn tick_displaying_bubbles(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
-{
-    let bubbles: Vec<EntityHandle> = world.bubble_tags.all();
-
-    for bubble_entity in bubbles
-    {
-        let character_entity = match world.dialog_bubbles.with(bubble_entity, |b| {
-            if matches!(b.phase, DialogPhase::Displaying { .. })
-            {
-                Some(b.character_entity)
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                None
-            }
-        })
-        {
-            Some(Some(e)) => e,
-            _ => continue,
-        };
-
-        let expired = world
-            .dialog_bubbles
-            .with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
-                if let DialogPhase::Displaying { ref mut timer } = b.phase
-                {
-                    *timer -= delta;
-                    *timer <= 0.0
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    false
-                }
-            })
-            .unwrap_or(false);
-
-        if expired
-        {
-            let correct_parry = match world
-                .dialog_bubbles
-                .with(bubble_entity, |b| b.correct_parry)
-            {
-                Some(Some(p)) => p,
-                _ =>
-                {
-                    world.despawn(bubble_entity);
-                    continue;
-                }
-            };
-
-            let character_pos = world
-                .transforms
-                .with(character_entity, |t| t.position)
-                .unwrap_or(Vec3::ZERO);
-
-            let projectile_entity = world.spawn();
-            world.transforms.insert(
-                projectile_entity,
-                Transform::from_position(character_pos + Vec3::new(0.0, 1.5, 0.0)),
-            );
-            world
-                .names
-                .insert(projectile_entity, "DialogProjectile".to_string());
-            world.projectile_tags.insert(projectile_entity, ());
-            world.dialog_projectiles.insert(
-                projectile_entity,
-                DialogProjectileComponent {
-                    bubble_entity,
-                    correct_parry,
-                    parry_window_open: false,
-                },
-            );
-
-            world.dialog_bubbles.with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
-                b.phase = DialogPhase::ProjectileInFlight { projectile_entity };
-            });
-
-            println!(
-                "Dialog projectile spawned, correct parry: {:?}",
-                correct_parry
-            );
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn process_outcomes(world: &mut World)
-{
-    let outcomes: Vec<_> = world.dialog_outcomes.drain(..).collect();
-
-    for event in outcomes
-    {
-        let bubble_entity = event.bubble_entity;
-
-        if world.dialog_bubbles.get(bubble_entity).is_none()
-        {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        let choice_tag = event.outcome.to_choice_tag();
-
-        let next = world.dialog_bubbles.with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
-            let choices = b.story.get_current_choices();
-            let idx = choices
-                .iter()
-                .position(|c| c.tags.iter().any(|t| t.trim() == choice_tag));
-
-            if let Some(idx) = idx
-            {
-                let _ = b.story.choose_choice_index(idx);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                println!("No choice found for outcome tag '{choice_tag}', using first available");
-                if !choices.is_empty()
-                {
-                    let _ = b.story.choose_choice_index(0);
-                }
-            }
-
-            if b.story.can_continue()
-            {
-                let (text, parry, display_time) = advance_story(&mut b.story);
-                Some((text, parry, display_time))
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                None
-            }
-        });
-
-        match next
-        {
-            Some(Some((text, parry, display_time))) =>
-            {
-                world.dialog_bubbles.with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
-                    b.current_text = text;
-                    b.correct_parry = parry;
-                    b.display_time = display_time;
-                    b.phase = DialogPhase::Displaying {
-                        timer: display_time,
-                    };
-                });
-                println!(
-                    "Dialog advanced: '{}'",
-                    world
-                        .dialog_bubbles
-                        .with(bubble_entity, |b| b.current_text.clone())
-                        .unwrap_or_default()
-                );
-            }
-
-            Some(None) =>
-            {
-                world.despawn(bubble_entity);
-                println!("Dialog story finished");
-            }
-
-            None =>
-            {}
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn advance_story(story: &mut Story) -> (String, Option<ParryButton>, f32)
-{
-    let mut full_text = String::new();
-    let mut parry: Option<ParryButton> = None;
-    let mut display_time = DEFAULT_DISPLAY_TIME;
-
-    while story.can_continue()
-    {
-        match story.cont()
-        {
-            Ok(line) => full_text.push_str(&line),
-            Err(e) =>
-            {
-                eprintln!("Story error: {e}");
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if let Ok(tags) = story.get_current_tags()
-        {
-            for tag in tags
-            {
-                let tag = tag.trim().to_string();
-                let tag = tag.as_str();
-                if let Some(val) = tag.strip_prefix(PARRY_TAG_PREFIX)
-                {
-                    parry = ParryButton::from_tag(val.trim());
-                }
-                else if let Some(val) = tag.strip_prefix(TIMER_TAG_PREFIX)
-                {
-                    if let Ok(t) = val.trim().parse::<f32>()
-                    {
-                        display_time = t;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    (full_text.trim().to_string(), parry, display_time)
-}

src/systems/dialog_camera.rs

@@ -1,39 +1,64 @@
 use glam::Vec3;
 
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::components::camera::CameraComponent;
+use crate::components::intent::CameraTransitionIntent;
+use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
+
+pub fn dialog_camera_transition_system(
+    bubble_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    camera_transition_intents: &mut Storage<CameraTransitionIntent>,
+    was_dialog_active: &mut bool,
+    camera_entity: EntityHandle,
+)
+{
+    let dialog_active = !bubble_tags.all().is_empty();
+    if dialog_active != *was_dialog_active
+    {
+        camera_transition_intents.insert(camera_entity, CameraTransitionIntent { duration: 0.8 });
+        *was_dialog_active = dialog_active;
+    }
+}
 
 const CAMERA_LAG: f32 = 4.0;
 const VERTICAL_BIAS: f32 = 0.4;
 const MIN_DISTANCE: f32 = 8.0;
 const MAX_DISTANCE: f32 = 24.0;
 
-pub fn dialog_camera_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
+pub fn dialog_camera_system(
+    cameras: &mut Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    bubble_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    player_pos: Vec3,
+    delta: f32,
+)
 {
-    let Some((camera_entity, _)) = world.active_camera()
+    let camera_entity = cameras
+        .components
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
+        .map(|(e, _)| *e);
+
+    let Some(camera_entity) = camera_entity
     else
     {
         return;
     };
 
-    let player_pos = world.player_position();
+    let bubble_positions: Vec<Vec3> = bubble_tags
-
-    let character_positions: Vec<Vec3> = world
-        .bubble_tags
         .all()
         .iter()
-        .filter_map(|&bubble| {
+        .filter_map(|&bubble| transforms.with(bubble, |t| t.position))
-            let char_entity = world.dialog_bubbles.with(bubble, |b| b.character_entity)?;
-            world.transforms.with(char_entity, |t| t.position)
-        })
         .collect();
 
-    if character_positions.is_empty()
+    if bubble_positions.is_empty()
     {
         return;
     }
 
     let all_positions: Vec<Vec3> = std::iter::once(player_pos)
-        .chain(character_positions.iter().copied())
+        .chain(bubble_positions.iter().copied())
         .collect();
 
     let centroid =
@@ -52,20 +77,19 @@ pub fn dialog_camera_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
     let target_camera_pos =
         centroid + camera_back_dir * camera_distance + Vec3::Y * camera_distance * VERTICAL_BIAS;
 
-    let current_camera_pos = world
+    let current_camera_pos = transforms
-        .transforms
         .with(camera_entity, |t| t.position)
         .unwrap_or(target_camera_pos);
 
     let smoothed = current_camera_pos.lerp(target_camera_pos, (CAMERA_LAG * delta).min(1.0));
 
-    world.transforms.with_mut(camera_entity, |t| {
+    transforms.with_mut(camera_entity, |t| {
         t.position = smoothed;
     });
 
-    let look_target = centroid + Vec3::Y * 1.0;
+    let look_target = centroid;
 
-    if let Some(camera) = world.cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
+    if let Some(camera) = cameras.get_mut(camera_entity)
     {
         let look_dir = (look_target - smoothed).normalize_or(-Vec3::Z);
         camera.yaw = look_dir.z.atan2(look_dir.x);

src/systems/dialog_projectile.rs

@@ -1,38 +1,54 @@
+use std::f32::consts::PI;
+
 use glam::Vec3;
 
-use crate::components::dialog::{DialogOutcome, DialogOutcomeEvent, ParryButton};
+use crate::components::dialog::{
+    DialogOutcome, DialogOutcomeEvent, DialogProjectileComponent, ParryButton,
+};
+use crate::components::particle::{ParticleEmitterConfig, SpawnParticleIntent};
+use crate::components::player_states::{LeapingState, RollingState};
 use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
-
 use crate::utility::input::InputState;
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
 const PROJECTILE_SPEED: f32 = 6.0;
 const PARRY_WINDOW_RADIUS: f32 = 3.5;
 const HIT_RADIUS: f32 = 1.2;
 
-pub fn dialog_projectile_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
+pub fn dialog_projectile_system(
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    projectile_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_projectiles: &mut Storage<DialogProjectileComponent>,
+    spawn_particle_intents: &mut Vec<SpawnParticleIntent>,
+    dialog_outcomes: &mut Vec<DialogOutcomeEvent>,
+    leaping_states: &Storage<LeapingState>,
+    rolling_states: &Storage<RollingState>,
+    input_state: &InputState,
+)
 {
-    let player_entity = world.player_tags.all().into_iter().next();
+    let player_entity = player_tags.all().into_iter().next();
     let Some(player_entity) = player_entity
     else
     {
         return;
     };
 
-    let player_pos = world
+    let player_pos = transforms
-        .transforms
         .with(player_entity, |t| t.position)
         .unwrap_or(Vec3::ZERO);
 
-    let player_is_evading = is_player_evading(world, player_entity);
+    let player_is_evading =
+        leaping_states.get(player_entity).is_some() || rolling_states.get(player_entity).is_some();
 
-    let projectiles: Vec<EntityHandle> = world.projectile_tags.all();
+    let projectiles: Vec<EntityHandle> = projectile_tags.all();
     let mut outcomes: Vec<DialogOutcomeEvent> = Vec::new();
     let mut to_despawn: Vec<EntityHandle> = Vec::new();
 
     for proj_entity in projectiles
     {
-        let proj_pos = match world.transforms.with(proj_entity, |t| t.position)
+        let proj_pos = match transforms.with(proj_entity, |t| t.position)
         {
             Some(p) => p,
             None => continue,
@@ -41,17 +57,20 @@ pub fn dialog_projectile_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
         let to_player = player_pos - proj_pos;
         let distance = to_player.length();
 
-        let window_open = world
+        let window_open = dialog_projectiles
-            .dialog_projectiles
             .with(proj_entity, |p| p.parry_window_open)
             .unwrap_or(false);
 
         if window_open
         {
-            if let Some(outcome) = resolve_parry(world, proj_entity, input_state, player_is_evading)
+            if let Some(outcome) = resolve_parry(
+                dialog_projectiles,
+                proj_entity,
+                input_state,
+                player_is_evading,
+            )
             {
-                let bubble_entity = world
+                let bubble_entity = dialog_projectiles
-                    .dialog_projectiles
                     .with(proj_entity, |p| p.bubble_entity)
                     .unwrap();
                 outcomes.push(DialogOutcomeEvent {
@@ -65,8 +84,7 @@ pub fn dialog_projectile_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
 
         if distance < HIT_RADIUS
         {
-            let bubble_entity = world
+            let bubble_entity = dialog_projectiles
-                .dialog_projectiles
                 .with(proj_entity, |p| p.bubble_entity)
                 .unwrap();
             let outcome = if player_is_evading
@@ -87,7 +105,7 @@ pub fn dialog_projectile_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
 
         if distance < PARRY_WINDOW_RADIUS
         {
-            world.dialog_projectiles.with_mut(proj_entity, |p| {
+            dialog_projectiles.with_mut(proj_entity, |p| {
                 p.parry_window_open = true;
             });
         }
@@ -101,21 +119,32 @@ pub fn dialog_projectile_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
             Vec3::ZERO
         };
 
-        world.transforms.with_mut(proj_entity, |t| {
+        transforms.with_mut(proj_entity, |t| {
             t.position += direction * PROJECTILE_SPEED * (1.0 / 60.0);
         });
+
+        let proj_pos = transforms.with(proj_entity, |t| t.position);
+        if let Some(pos) = proj_pos
+        {
+            spawn_particle_intents.push(SpawnParticleIntent {
+                origin: pos,
+                config: projectile_swarm_config(),
+            });
+        }
     }
 
     for entity in to_despawn
     {
-        world.despawn(entity);
+        transforms.remove(entity);
+        projectile_tags.remove(entity);
+        dialog_projectiles.remove(entity);
     }
 
-    world.dialog_outcomes.extend(outcomes);
+    dialog_outcomes.extend(outcomes);
 }
 
 fn resolve_parry(
-    world: &World,
+    dialog_projectiles: &Storage<DialogProjectileComponent>,
     proj_entity: EntityHandle,
     input_state: &InputState,
     player_is_evading: bool,
@@ -126,9 +155,7 @@ fn resolve_parry(
         return Some(DialogOutcome::Evaded);
     }
 
-    let correct_parry = world
+    let correct_parry = dialog_projectiles.with(proj_entity, |p| p.correct_parry)?;
-        .dialog_projectiles
-        .with(proj_entity, |p| p.correct_parry)?;
 
     if input_state.i_just_pressed
     {
@@ -175,8 +202,17 @@ fn resolve_parry(
     None
 }
 
-fn is_player_evading(world: &World, player_entity: EntityHandle) -> bool
+fn projectile_swarm_config() -> ParticleEmitterConfig
 {
-    world.leaping_states.get(player_entity).is_some()
+    ParticleEmitterConfig {
-        || world.rolling_states.get(player_entity).is_some()
+        burst_count: 3,
+        lifetime: 0.3..0.6,
+        speed: 0.5..2.0,
+        direction: None,
+        direction_spread: PI,
+        gravity: 0.0,
+        size: 0.05..0.15,
+        color_start: [1.0, 0.3, 0.1, 1.0],
+        color_end: [0.2, 0.05, 0.0, 0.0],
+    }
 }

src/systems/dialog_render.rs

@@ -1,109 +1,159 @@
 use glam::{Mat4, Vec3};
 
+use crate::components::dialog::DialogBubbleComponent;
 use crate::render::billboard::{BillboardDrawCall, BillboardVertex, BubbleUniforms};
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::render::{with_font_atlas, TextVertex};
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-const BUBBLE_WIDTH: f32 = 2.2;
+const MAX_BUBBLE_WIDTH: f32 = 8.0;
-const BUBBLE_HEIGHT: f32 = 1.1;
+const MIN_BUBBLE_WIDTH: f32 = 0.5;
-const BODY_FRAC: f32 = 0.78;
+const TAIL_HEIGHT: f32 = 0.242;
 const CORNER_R: f32 = 0.18;
 const BORDER_W: f32 = 0.06;
-const HEIGHT_OFFSET: f32 = 8.2;
+const HEIGHT_OFFSET: f32 = 0.0;
 
 const FILL_COLOR: [f32; 4] = [0.05, 0.05, 0.05, 1.0];
 const BORDER_COLOR: [f32; 4] = [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0];
 
+const CHAR_WORLD_HEIGHT: f32 = 0.84;
+const TEXT_PADDING: f32 = 0.06;
+const LINE_SPACING: f32 = 0.01;
+
 pub fn dialog_bubble_render_system(
-    world: &World,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    bubble_tags: &Storage<()>,
     camera_pos: Vec3,
     view_proj: Mat4,
-) -> Vec<BillboardDrawCall>
+) -> (Vec<BillboardDrawCall>, Vec<TextVertex>)
 {
     let mut calls = Vec::new();
+    let mut all_text: Vec<TextVertex> = Vec::new();
 
-    for bubble_entity in world.bubble_tags.all()
+    for bubble_entity in bubble_tags.all()
     {
-        let character_entity = match world
+        let bubble_pos = match transforms.with(bubble_entity, |t| t.position)
-            .dialog_bubbles
-            .with(bubble_entity, |b| b.character_entity)
-        {
-            Some(e) => e,
-            None => continue,
-        };
-
-        let character_pos = match world.transforms.with(character_entity, |t| t.position)
         {
             Some(p) => p,
             None => continue,
         };
 
-        let body_half_h = BUBBLE_HEIGHT * BODY_FRAC * 0.5;
+        let text = match dialog_bubbles.with(bubble_entity, |b| b.current_text.clone())
-        let tail_height = BUBBLE_HEIGHT * (1.0 - BODY_FRAC);
-        let anchor = character_pos + Vec3::Y * (HEIGHT_OFFSET + body_half_h);
-
-        let to_camera = camera_pos - anchor;
-        let forward = if to_camera.length_squared() > 1e-6
         {
-            to_camera.normalize()
+            Some(t) => t,
-        }
+            None => continue,
-        else
-        {
-            Vec3::Z
         };
 
-        let up_ref = Vec3::Y;
+        let (draw_call, text_verts) = with_font_atlas(|atlas| {
-        let right = if forward.abs().dot(up_ref) > 0.99
+            let char_w = CHAR_WORLD_HEIGHT * atlas.aspect();
-        {
-            Vec3::X
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            up_ref.cross(forward).normalize()
-        };
-        let up = forward.cross(right).normalize();
 
-        let half_w = BUBBLE_WIDTH * 0.5;
+            // First-pass: measure text at max width using a conservative padding estimate.
-        let total_down = body_half_h + tail_height;
+            // BORDER_W is applied against body_height (the smaller dimension); TAIL_HEIGHT
+            // is a safe lower-bound for body_height, giving a slight over-estimate of padding.
+            let approx_pad = BORDER_W * TAIL_HEIGHT + TEXT_PADDING;
+            let max_inner_half_w = ((MAX_BUBBLE_WIDTH - 2.0 * approx_pad) * 0.5).max(char_w);
+            let (n_lines, max_line_chars) =
+                atlas.measure_text(&text, CHAR_WORLD_HEIGHT, max_inner_half_w);
 
-        // Corners: tl → tr → br → bl (CCW in clip space when billboard faces camera).
+            // Compute body height analytically.
-        let tl = anchor - right * half_w + up * body_half_h;
+            // border_world = BORDER_W * body_height  (body is the smaller dimension)
-        let tr = anchor + right * half_w + up * body_half_h;
+            // body_height = text_h + 2 * (border_world + TEXT_PADDING)
-        let br = anchor + right * half_w - up * total_down;
+            // -> body_height * (1 - 2*BORDER_W) = text_h + 2*TEXT_PADDING
-        let bl = anchor - right * half_w - up * total_down;
+            let text_h = n_lines as f32 * CHAR_WORLD_HEIGHT
+                + n_lines.saturating_sub(1) as f32 * LINE_SPACING;
+            let body_height = (text_h + 2.0 * TEXT_PADDING) / (1.0 - 2.0 * BORDER_W);
 
-        let vertices = [
+            // Bubble width: fit the longest line exactly, then clamp to [MIN, MAX].
-            BillboardVertex {
+            let border_world = BORDER_W * body_height;
-                position: tl.to_array(),
+            let needed_width = max_line_chars as f32 * char_w + 2.0 * (border_world + TEXT_PADDING);
-                uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+            let bubble_width = needed_width.clamp(MIN_BUBBLE_WIDTH, MAX_BUBBLE_WIDTH);
-            },
-            BillboardVertex {
-                position: tr.to_array(),
-                uv: [1.0, 0.0],
-            },
-            BillboardVertex {
-                position: br.to_array(),
-                uv: [1.0, 1.0],
-            },
-            BillboardVertex {
-                position: bl.to_array(),
-                uv: [0.0, 1.0],
-            },
-        ];
 
-        let uniforms = BubbleUniforms {
+            let bubble_height = body_height + TAIL_HEIGHT;
-            view_proj: view_proj.to_cols_array_2d(),
+            let body_frac = body_height / bubble_height;
-            size: [BUBBLE_WIDTH, BUBBLE_HEIGHT],
-            body_frac: BODY_FRAC,
-            corner_r: CORNER_R,
-            border_w: BORDER_W,
-            _pad1: [0.0; 3],
-            fill_color: FILL_COLOR,
-            border_color: BORDER_COLOR,
-            _pad2: [0.0; 32],
-        };
 
-        calls.push(BillboardDrawCall { vertices, uniforms });
+            // Billboard orientation
+            let anchor = bubble_pos;
+
+            let to_camera = camera_pos - anchor;
+            let forward = if to_camera.length_squared() > 1e-6
+            {
+                to_camera.normalize()
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Vec3::Z
+            };
+
+            let up_ref = Vec3::Y;
+            let right = if forward.abs().dot(up_ref) > 0.99
+            {
+                Vec3::X
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                up_ref.cross(forward).normalize()
+            };
+            let up = forward.cross(right).normalize();
+
+            let half_w = bubble_width * 0.5;
+
+            let tl = anchor - right * half_w + up * body_height;
+            let tr = anchor + right * half_w + up * body_height;
+            let br = anchor + right * half_w - up * TAIL_HEIGHT;
+            let bl = anchor - right * half_w - up * TAIL_HEIGHT;
+
+            let vertices = [
+                BillboardVertex {
+                    position: tl.to_array(),
+                    uv: [0.0, 0.0],
+                },
+                BillboardVertex {
+                    position: tr.to_array(),
+                    uv: [1.0, 0.0],
+                },
+                BillboardVertex {
+                    position: br.to_array(),
+                    uv: [1.0, 1.0],
+                },
+                BillboardVertex {
+                    position: bl.to_array(),
+                    uv: [0.0, 1.0],
+                },
+            ];
+
+            let uniforms = BubbleUniforms {
+                view_proj: view_proj.to_cols_array_2d(),
+                size: [bubble_width, bubble_height],
+                body_frac,
+                corner_r: CORNER_R,
+                border_w: BORDER_W,
+                _pad1: [0.0; 3],
+                fill_color: FILL_COLOR,
+                border_color: BORDER_COLOR,
+                _pad2: [0.0; 32],
+            };
+
+            let inner_half_w = bubble_width * 0.5 - border_world - TEXT_PADDING;
+            let inner_top_y = body_height - border_world - TEXT_PADDING;
+
+            let text_verts = atlas.build_bubble_text(
+                &text,
+                anchor,
+                right,
+                up,
+                inner_half_w,
+                inner_top_y,
+                CHAR_WORLD_HEIGHT,
+                LINE_SPACING,
+            );
+
+            (BillboardDrawCall { vertices, uniforms }, text_verts)
+        });
+
+        calls.push(draw_call);
+        all_text.extend(text_verts);
     }
 
-    calls
+    (calls, all_text)
 }

src/systems/dialog_system.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+use bladeink::story::Story;
+use glam::Vec3;
+
+use crate::components::dialog::{
+    DialogBubbleComponent, DialogOutcomeEvent, DialogPhase, DialogProjectileComponent,
+    DialogSourceComponent, ParryButton,
+};
+use crate::components::trigger::{TriggerEvent, TriggerEventKind};
+use crate::entity::{EntityHandle, EntityManager};
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
+
+const DEFAULT_DISPLAY_TIME: f32 = 3.0;
+const PARRY_TAG_PREFIX: &str = "parry:";
+const TIMER_TAG_PREFIX: &str = "timer:";
+
+pub fn dialog_system(
+    entities: &mut EntityManager,
+    trigger_events: &[TriggerEvent],
+    dialog_sources: &Storage<DialogSourceComponent>,
+    bubble_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &mut Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    names: &mut Storage<String>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    projectile_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_projectiles: &mut Storage<DialogProjectileComponent>,
+    dialog_outcomes: &mut Vec<DialogOutcomeEvent>,
+    delta: f32,
+)
+{
+    process_trigger_events(
+        entities,
+        trigger_events,
+        dialog_sources,
+        bubble_tags,
+        dialog_bubbles,
+        transforms,
+        names,
+        projectile_tags,
+        dialog_projectiles,
+    );
+    tick_displaying_bubbles(
+        entities,
+        bubble_tags,
+        dialog_bubbles,
+        transforms,
+        player_tags,
+        projectile_tags,
+        dialog_projectiles,
+        delta,
+    );
+    process_outcomes(bubble_tags, dialog_bubbles, dialog_outcomes);
+}
+
+fn process_trigger_events(
+    entities: &mut EntityManager,
+    trigger_events: &[TriggerEvent],
+    dialog_sources: &Storage<DialogSourceComponent>,
+    bubble_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &mut Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    names: &mut Storage<String>,
+    projectile_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_projectiles: &mut Storage<DialogProjectileComponent>,
+)
+{
+    let events: Vec<_> = trigger_events.iter().cloned().collect();
+
+    for event in events
+    {
+        let has_source = dialog_sources.get(event.trigger_entity).is_some();
+        if !has_source
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        match event.kind
+        {
+            TriggerEventKind::Entered =>
+            {
+                let already_active = bubble_tags.all().iter().any(|&b| {
+                    dialog_bubbles
+                        .with(b, |db| db.character_entity == event.trigger_entity)
+                        .unwrap_or(false)
+                });
+
+                if already_active
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                spawn_bubble(
+                    entities,
+                    dialog_sources,
+                    bubble_tags,
+                    dialog_bubbles,
+                    transforms,
+                    names,
+                    event.trigger_entity,
+                );
+            }
+
+            TriggerEventKind::Exited =>
+            {
+                despawn_bubbles_for_character(
+                    bubble_tags,
+                    dialog_bubbles,
+                    transforms,
+                    projectile_tags,
+                    dialog_projectiles,
+                    event.trigger_entity,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn spawn_bubble(
+    entities: &mut EntityManager,
+    dialog_sources: &Storage<DialogSourceComponent>,
+    bubble_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &mut Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    names: &mut Storage<String>,
+    character_entity: EntityHandle,
+)
+{
+    let ink_json = match dialog_sources.with(character_entity, |s| s.ink_json.clone())
+    {
+        Some(json) => json,
+        None => return,
+    };
+
+    let mut story = match Story::new(&ink_json)
+    {
+        Ok(s) => s,
+        Err(e) =>
+        {
+            eprintln!("Failed to load ink story: {e}");
+            return;
+        }
+    };
+
+    let (text, parry, display_time) = advance_story(&mut story);
+
+    let character_pos = transforms
+        .with(character_entity, |t| t.position)
+        .unwrap_or(Vec3::ZERO);
+
+    let bubble_entity = entities.spawn();
+    transforms.insert(
+        bubble_entity,
+        Transform::from_position(character_pos + Vec3::new(0.0, 8.0, 0.0)),
+    );
+    names.insert(bubble_entity, "DialogBubble".to_string());
+    bubble_tags.insert(bubble_entity, ());
+    dialog_bubbles.insert(
+        bubble_entity,
+        DialogBubbleComponent {
+            story,
+            character_entity,
+            current_text: text,
+            phase: DialogPhase::Displaying {
+                timer: display_time,
+            },
+            correct_parry: parry,
+            display_time,
+        },
+    );
+}
+
+fn despawn_bubbles_for_character(
+    bubble_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &mut Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    projectile_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_projectiles: &mut Storage<DialogProjectileComponent>,
+    character_entity: EntityHandle,
+)
+{
+    let bubbles: Vec<EntityHandle> = bubble_tags.all();
+
+    for bubble_entity in bubbles
+    {
+        let matches = dialog_bubbles
+            .with(bubble_entity, |b| b.character_entity == character_entity)
+            .unwrap_or(false);
+
+        if !matches
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(bubble) = dialog_bubbles.get(bubble_entity)
+        {
+            if let DialogPhase::ProjectileInFlight { projectile_entity } = bubble.phase
+            {
+                transforms.remove(projectile_entity);
+                projectile_tags.remove(projectile_entity);
+                dialog_projectiles.remove(projectile_entity);
+            }
+        }
+
+        transforms.remove(bubble_entity);
+        bubble_tags.remove(bubble_entity);
+        dialog_bubbles.remove(bubble_entity);
+    }
+}
+
+fn tick_displaying_bubbles(
+    entities: &mut EntityManager,
+    bubble_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &mut Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    projectile_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_projectiles: &mut Storage<DialogProjectileComponent>,
+    delta: f32,
+)
+{
+    let bubbles: Vec<EntityHandle> = bubble_tags.all();
+
+    for bubble_entity in bubbles
+    {
+        let expired = dialog_bubbles
+            .with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
+                if let DialogPhase::Displaying { ref mut timer } = b.phase
+                {
+                    *timer -= delta;
+                    *timer <= 0.0
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    false
+                }
+            })
+            .unwrap_or(false);
+
+        if expired
+        {
+            let correct_parry = match dialog_bubbles.with(bubble_entity, |b| b.correct_parry)
+            {
+                Some(Some(p)) => p,
+                _ =>
+                {
+                    transforms.remove(bubble_entity);
+                    bubble_tags.remove(bubble_entity);
+                    dialog_bubbles.remove(bubble_entity);
+                    continue;
+                }
+            };
+
+            let bubble_pos = transforms
+                .with(bubble_entity, |t| t.position)
+                .unwrap_or(Vec3::ZERO);
+
+            let player_entity = player_tags
+                .all()
+                .into_iter()
+                .next()
+                .expect("no player entity");
+            let player_pos = transforms
+                .with(player_entity, |t| t.position)
+                .unwrap_or(Vec3::ZERO);
+
+            let velocity = player_pos - bubble_pos;
+
+            let projectile_entity = entities.spawn();
+            transforms.insert(projectile_entity, Transform::from_position(bubble_pos));
+            projectile_tags.insert(projectile_entity, ());
+            dialog_projectiles.insert(
+                projectile_entity,
+                DialogProjectileComponent {
+                    bubble_entity,
+                    correct_parry,
+                    parry_window_open: false,
+                    velocity,
+                },
+            );
+
+            dialog_bubbles.with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
+                b.phase = DialogPhase::ProjectileInFlight { projectile_entity };
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn process_outcomes(
+    bubble_tags: &mut Storage<()>,
+    dialog_bubbles: &mut Storage<DialogBubbleComponent>,
+    dialog_outcomes: &mut Vec<DialogOutcomeEvent>,
+)
+{
+    let outcomes: Vec<_> = dialog_outcomes.drain(..).collect();
+
+    for event in outcomes
+    {
+        let bubble_entity = event.bubble_entity;
+
+        if dialog_bubbles.get(bubble_entity).is_none()
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let choice_tag = event.outcome.to_choice_tag();
+
+        let next = dialog_bubbles.with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
+            let choices = b.story.get_current_choices();
+            let idx = choices
+                .iter()
+                .position(|c| c.tags.iter().any(|t| t.trim() == choice_tag));
+
+            if let Some(idx) = idx
+            {
+                let _ = b.story.choose_choice_index(idx);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                println!("No choice found for outcome tag '{choice_tag}', using first available");
+                if !choices.is_empty()
+                {
+                    let _ = b.story.choose_choice_index(0);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if b.story.can_continue()
+            {
+                let (text, parry, display_time) = advance_story(&mut b.story);
+                Some((text, parry, display_time))
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                None
+            }
+        });
+
+        match next
+        {
+            Some(Some((text, parry, display_time))) =>
+            {
+                dialog_bubbles.with_mut(bubble_entity, |b| {
+                    b.current_text = text;
+                    b.correct_parry = parry;
+                    b.display_time = display_time;
+                    b.phase = DialogPhase::Displaying {
+                        timer: display_time,
+                    };
+                });
+            }
+
+            Some(None) =>
+            {
+                bubble_tags.remove(bubble_entity);
+                dialog_bubbles.remove(bubble_entity);
+            }
+
+            None =>
+            {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn advance_story(story: &mut Story) -> (String, Option<ParryButton>, f32)
+{
+    let mut full_text = String::new();
+    let mut parry: Option<ParryButton> = None;
+    let mut display_time = DEFAULT_DISPLAY_TIME;
+
+    while story.can_continue()
+    {
+        match story.cont()
+        {
+            Ok(line) => full_text.push_str(&line),
+            Err(e) =>
+            {
+                eprintln!("Story error: {e}");
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Ok(tags) = story.get_current_tags()
+        {
+            for tag in tags
+            {
+                let tag = tag.trim().to_string();
+                let tag = tag.as_str();
+                if let Some(val) = tag.strip_prefix(PARRY_TAG_PREFIX)
+                {
+                    parry = ParryButton::from_tag(val.trim());
+                }
+                else if let Some(val) = tag.strip_prefix(TIMER_TAG_PREFIX)
+                {
+                    if let Ok(t) = val.trim().parse::<f32>()
+                    {
+                        display_time = t;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    (full_text.trim().to_string(), parry, display_time)
+}

src/systems/follow.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::components::FollowComponent;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn follow_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn follow_system(follows: &mut Storage<FollowComponent>, transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>)
 {
-    let following_entities: Vec<_> = world.follows.all();
+    let following_entities: Vec<_> = follows.all();
 
     for entity in following_entities
     {
-        if let Some(follow) = world.follows.get(entity)
+        if let Some(follow) = follows.get(entity)
         {
             let target = follow.target;
-            if let Some(target_transform) = world.transforms.get(target)
+            if let Some(target_transform) = transforms.get(target)
             {
                 let target_pos = target_transform.position;
                 let target_rot = target_transform.rotation;
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ pub fn follow_system(world: &mut World)
                 let inherit_rot = follow.inherit_rotation;
                 let inherit_scale = follow.inherit_scale;
 
-                world.transforms.with_mut(entity, |transform| {
+                transforms.with_mut(entity, |transform| {
                     transform.position = target_pos;
 
                     if inherit_rot

src/systems/input.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,45 @@
 use glam::Vec3;
 
+use crate::components::camera::CameraComponent;
+use crate::components::FollowComponent;
+use crate::components::InputComponent;
 use crate::utility::input::InputState;
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn player_input_system(world: &mut World, input_state: &InputState)
+pub fn player_input_system(
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    follows: &Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    inputs: &mut Storage<InputComponent>,
+    input_state: &InputState,
+)
 {
-    let Some((_, camera)) = world.active_camera()
+    let camera_is_following = cameras
-    else
+        .components
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
+        .map(|(e, _)| follows.get(*e).is_some())
+        .unwrap_or(false);
+
+    if !camera_is_following
     {
         return;
+    }
+
+    let (_, camera) = match cameras.components.iter().find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
+    {
+        Some((e, c)) => (*e, c),
+        None => return,
     };
 
     let forward = camera.get_forward_horizontal();
     let right = camera.get_right_horizontal();
 
-    let players = world.player_tags.all();
+    let players = player_tags.all();
 
     for player in players
     {
-        world.inputs.with_mut(player, |input_component| {
+        inputs.with_mut(player, |input_component| {
             let mut local_input = Vec3::ZERO;
 
             if input_state.w

src/systems/mod.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 pub mod camera;
-pub mod dialog;
 pub mod dialog_camera;
 pub mod dialog_projectile;
 pub mod dialog_render;
+pub mod dialog_system;
 pub mod follow;
 pub mod input;
+pub mod particle;
 pub mod physics_sync;
-pub mod player_states;
 pub mod render;
 pub mod rotate;
 pub mod snow;
@@ -16,14 +16,17 @@ pub mod tree_dissolve;
 pub mod trigger;
 
 pub use camera::{
-    camera_follow_system, camera_input_system, camera_noclip_system, camera_view_matrix,
+    camera_follow_system, camera_ground_clamp_system, camera_input_system, camera_intent_system,
-    start_camera_following,
+    camera_noclip_system, camera_transition_system, camera_view_matrix,
 };
-pub use dialog::dialog_system;
+pub use dialog_camera::{dialog_camera_system, dialog_camera_transition_system};
-pub use dialog_camera::dialog_camera_system;
 pub use dialog_projectile::dialog_projectile_system;
 pub use dialog_render::dialog_bubble_render_system;
+pub use dialog_system::dialog_system;
 pub use input::player_input_system;
+pub use particle::{
+    collect_instances, particle_intent_system, particle_update_system, spawn_snow_particles,
+};
 pub use physics_sync::physics_sync_system;
 pub use render::render_system;
 pub use rotate::rotate_system;

src/systems/particle.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+use rand::Rng;
+
+use crate::components::particle::{ParticleEmitterConfig, SpawnParticleIntent};
+use crate::render::particle_types::ParticleInstanceRaw;
+
+pub struct Particle
+{
+    pub position: glam::Vec3,
+    pub velocity: glam::Vec3,
+    pub age: f32,
+    pub lifetime: f32,
+    pub size: f32,
+    pub gravity: f32,
+    pub color_start: [f32; 4],
+    pub color_end: [f32; 4],
+}
+
+pub struct ParticleBuffers
+{
+    pub particles: Vec<Particle>,
+    pub instances: Vec<ParticleInstanceRaw>,
+    pub emit_accumulator: f32,
+}
+
+fn random_unit_vec(rng: &mut impl Rng) -> glam::Vec3
+{
+    loop
+    {
+        let v = glam::Vec3::new(
+            rng.random_range(-1.0_f32..1.0),
+            rng.random_range(-1.0_f32..1.0),
+            rng.random_range(-1.0_f32..1.0),
+        );
+        let len_sq = v.length_squared();
+        if len_sq <= 1.0 && len_sq > 0.0001
+        {
+            return v / len_sq.sqrt();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn random_velocity(rng: &mut impl Rng, config: &ParticleEmitterConfig) -> glam::Vec3
+{
+    let speed = rng.random_range(config.speed.start..config.speed.end);
+    let dir = if let Some(d) = config.direction
+    {
+        let perp = if d.x.abs() < 0.9
+        {
+            glam::Vec3::X
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            glam::Vec3::Y
+        };
+        let right = d.cross(perp).normalize();
+        let up = d.cross(right);
+        let angle = rng.random_range(0.0_f32..config.direction_spread);
+        let azimuth = rng.random_range(0.0_f32..(2.0 * std::f32::consts::PI));
+        (d * angle.cos() + right * angle.sin() * azimuth.cos() + up * angle.sin() * azimuth.sin())
+            .normalize()
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        random_unit_vec(rng)
+    };
+    dir * speed
+}
+
+fn spawn_from_config(
+    buffers: &mut ParticleBuffers,
+    origin: glam::Vec3,
+    config: &ParticleEmitterConfig,
+    rng: &mut impl Rng,
+)
+{
+    for _ in 0..config.burst_count
+    {
+        let lifetime = rng.random_range(config.lifetime.start..config.lifetime.end);
+        let size = rng.random_range(config.size.start..config.size.end);
+        let velocity = random_velocity(rng, config);
+        buffers.particles.push(Particle {
+            position: origin,
+            velocity,
+            age: 0.0,
+            lifetime,
+            size,
+            gravity: config.gravity,
+            color_start: config.color_start,
+            color_end: config.color_end,
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn particle_intent_system(
+    particle_buffers: &mut Option<ParticleBuffers>,
+    spawn_particle_intents: &mut Vec<SpawnParticleIntent>,
+)
+{
+    if particle_buffers.is_none()
+    {
+        *particle_buffers = Some(ParticleBuffers {
+            particles: Vec::new(),
+            instances: Vec::new(),
+            emit_accumulator: 0.0,
+        });
+    }
+
+    let intents: Vec<SpawnParticleIntent> = spawn_particle_intents.drain(..).collect();
+    if intents.is_empty()
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let buffers = particle_buffers.as_mut().unwrap();
+    let mut rng = rand::rng();
+    for intent in intents
+    {
+        spawn_from_config(buffers, intent.origin, &intent.config, &mut rng);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn particle_update_system(particle_buffers: &mut Option<ParticleBuffers>, delta: f32)
+{
+    let Some(ref mut buffers) = particle_buffers
+    else
+    {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    for particle in &mut buffers.particles
+    {
+        particle.velocity.y -= particle.gravity * delta;
+        particle.position += particle.velocity * delta;
+        particle.age += delta / particle.lifetime;
+    }
+
+    buffers.particles.retain(|p| p.age < 1.0);
+}
+
+pub fn spawn_snow_particles(buffers: &mut ParticleBuffers, camera_pos: glam::Vec3, delta: f32)
+{
+    let mut rng = rand::rng();
+
+    let rate = 200.0_f32;
+    buffers.emit_accumulator += delta;
+    let to_emit = (buffers.emit_accumulator * rate) as u32;
+    buffers.emit_accumulator -= to_emit as f32 / rate;
+
+    for _ in 0..to_emit
+    {
+        let x = camera_pos.x + rng.random_range(-20.0_f32..20.0_f32);
+        let z = camera_pos.z + rng.random_range(-20.0_f32..20.0_f32);
+        let y = rng.random_range((camera_pos.y + 8.0)..(camera_pos.y + 20.0));
+        let vx = rng.random_range(-0.3_f32..0.3_f32);
+        let vy = rng.random_range(-2.0_f32..-0.5_f32);
+        let vz = rng.random_range(-0.3_f32..0.3_f32);
+        let size = rng.random_range(0.05_f32..0.15_f32);
+        let lifetime = rng.random_range(2.0_f32..5.0_f32);
+        buffers.particles.push(Particle {
+            position: glam::Vec3::new(x, y, z),
+            velocity: glam::Vec3::new(vx, vy, vz),
+            age: 0.0,
+            lifetime,
+            size,
+            gravity: 0.0,
+            color_start: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0],
+            color_end: [1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0],
+        });
+    }
+
+    buffers
+        .particles
+        .retain(|p| p.position.y >= camera_pos.y - 5.0);
+}
+
+pub fn collect_instances(buffers: &mut ParticleBuffers) -> &[ParticleInstanceRaw]
+{
+    buffers.instances.clear();
+    for particle in &buffers.particles
+    {
+        let t = particle.age;
+        let color = [
+            particle.color_start[0] + (particle.color_end[0] - particle.color_start[0]) * t,
+            particle.color_start[1] + (particle.color_end[1] - particle.color_start[1]) * t,
+            particle.color_start[2] + (particle.color_end[2] - particle.color_start[2]) * t,
+            particle.color_start[3] + (particle.color_end[3] - particle.color_start[3]) * t,
+        ];
+        buffers.instances.push(ParticleInstanceRaw {
+            position: particle.position.into(),
+            velocity: particle.velocity.into(),
+            size: particle.size,
+            color,
+            age: t,
+            _padding: [0.0; 3],
+        });
+    }
+    &buffers.instances
+}

src/systems/physics_sync.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,27 @@
+use crate::components::PhysicsComponent;
+use crate::entity::EntityManager;
 use crate::physics::PhysicsManager;
 use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn physics_sync_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn physics_sync_system(
+    entities: &EntityManager,
+    physics: &Storage<PhysicsComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+)
 {
-    let all_entities = world.entities.all_entities();
+    let all_entities = entities.all_entities();
 
     for entity in all_entities
     {
-        if let Some(physics) = world.physics.get(entity)
+        if let Some(physics) = physics.get(entity)
         {
             if let Some(rigidbody_position) =
                 PhysicsManager::get_rigidbody_position(physics.rigidbody)
             {
                 let transform = Transform::from(rigidbody_position);
 
-                world.transforms.with_mut(entity, |t| {
+                transforms.with_mut(entity, |t| {
                     *t = transform;
                 });
             }

src/systems/render.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,25 @@
+use crate::components::{DissolveComponent, MeshComponent};
+use crate::entity::EntityManager;
 use crate::loaders::mesh::InstanceRaw;
 use crate::render::DrawCall;
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 use bytemuck::cast_slice;
 
-pub fn render_system(world: &World) -> Vec<DrawCall>
+pub fn render_system(
+    entities: &EntityManager,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+    meshes: &Storage<MeshComponent>,
+    dissolves: &Storage<DissolveComponent>,
+) -> Vec<DrawCall>
 {
-    let all_entities = world.entities.all_entities();
+    let all_entities = entities.all_entities();
 
     all_entities
         .iter()
         .filter_map(|&entity| {
-            let transform = world.transforms.get(entity)?;
+            let transform = transforms.get(entity)?;
-            let mesh_component = world.meshes.get(entity)?;
+            let mesh_component = meshes.get(entity)?;
 
             let model_matrix = transform.to_matrix();
 
@@ -22,7 +30,7 @@ pub fn render_system(world: &World) -> Vec<DrawCall>
             }
             else
             {
-                let dissolve_amount = world.dissolves.get(entity).map(|d| d.amount).unwrap_or(0.0);
+                let dissolve_amount = dissolves.get(entity).map(|d| d.amount).unwrap_or(0.0);
 
                 let instance_data = InstanceRaw {
                     model: model_matrix.to_cols_array_2d(),

src/systems/rotate.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,24 @@
 use glam::Quat;
 
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::components::RotateComponent;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn rotate_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
+pub fn rotate_system(
+    rotates: &Storage<RotateComponent>,
+    transforms: &mut Storage<Transform>,
+    delta: f32,
+)
 {
-    let entities = world.rotates.all();
+    let entities = rotates.all();
 
     for entity in entities
     {
-        if let Some(rotate) = world.rotates.get(entity)
+        if let Some(rotate) = rotates.get(entity)
         {
             let rotation_delta = Quat::from_axis_angle(rotate.axis, rotate.speed * delta);
 
-            world.transforms.with_mut(entity, |transform| {
+            transforms.with_mut(entity, |transform| {
                 transform.rotation = rotation_delta * transform.rotation;
             });
         }

src/systems/snow.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,42 @@
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::components::camera::CameraComponent;
+use crate::components::FollowComponent;
+use crate::render::snow::SnowLayer;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn snow_system(world: &mut World, noclip: bool)
+pub fn snow_system(
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    follows: &Storage<FollowComponent>,
+    snow_layer: &mut Option<SnowLayer>,
+)
 {
-    let camera_pos = world.active_camera_position();
+    let camera_pos = cameras
-    let player_pos = world.player_position();
+        .components
-    if let Some(ref mut snow_layer) = world.snow_layer
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
+        .and_then(|(e, _)| transforms.get(*e))
+        .map(|t| t.position)
+        .unwrap_or(glam::Vec3::ZERO);
+
+    let player_pos = player_tags
+        .all()
+        .first()
+        .and_then(|e| transforms.get(*e))
+        .map(|t| t.position)
+        .unwrap_or(glam::Vec3::ZERO);
+
+    let is_following = cameras
+        .components
+        .iter()
+        .find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
+        .map(|(e, _)| follows.get(*e).is_some())
+        .unwrap_or(false);
+
+    if let Some(ref mut snow_layer) = snow_layer
     {
-        if !noclip
+        if is_following
         {
             snow_layer.deform_at_position(player_pos, 1.5, 10.0);
         }

src/systems/spotlight_sync.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,28 @@
+use crate::components::lights::spot::SpotlightComponent;
 use crate::render::Spotlight;
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn spotlight_sync_system(world: &World) -> Vec<Spotlight>
+pub fn spotlight_sync_system(
+    spotlights: &Storage<SpotlightComponent>,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+) -> Vec<Spotlight>
 {
-    let mut entities = world.spotlights.all();
+    let mut entities = spotlights.all();
     entities.sort();
 
-    let mut spotlights = Vec::new();
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
 
     for entity in entities
     {
-        if let Some(spotlight_component) = world.spotlights.get(entity)
+        if let Some(spotlight_component) = spotlights.get(entity)
         {
-            if let Some(transform) = world.transforms.get(entity)
+            if let Some(transform) = transforms.get(entity)
             {
                 let position = transform.position + spotlight_component.offset;
                 let direction = transform.rotation * spotlight_component.direction;
 
-                spotlights.push(Spotlight::new(
+                result.push(Spotlight::new(
                     position,
                     direction,
                     spotlight_component.inner_angle,
@@ -28,5 +33,5 @@ pub fn spotlight_sync_system(world: &World) -> Vec<Spotlight>
         }
     }
 
-    spotlights
+    result
 }

src/systems/tree_dissolve.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
+use crate::components::camera::CameraComponent;
+use crate::components::tree_instances::TreeInstancesComponent;
 use crate::loaders::mesh::InstanceRaw;
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 use bytemuck::cast_slice;
 
-pub fn tree_dissolve_update_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
+pub fn tree_dissolve_update_system(tree_instances: &mut Storage<TreeInstancesComponent>, delta: f32)
 {
-    for entity in world.tree_instances.all()
+    for entity in tree_instances.all()
     {
-        if let Some(tree_instances) = world.tree_instances.get_mut(entity)
+        if let Some(tree_instances) = tree_instances.get_mut(entity)
         {
             for i in 0..tree_instances.dissolve_amounts.len()
             {
@@ -20,15 +23,24 @@ pub fn tree_dissolve_update_system(world: &mut World, delta: f32)
     }
 }
 
-pub fn tree_occlusion_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn tree_occlusion_system(
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+    cameras: &Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    tree_instances: &mut Storage<TreeInstancesComponent>,
+)
 {
-    let player_entity = world.player_tags.all().first().copied();
+    let player_entity = player_tags.all().first().copied();
-    let player_pos = player_entity.and_then(|e| world.transforms.get(e).map(|t| t.position));
+    let player_pos = player_entity.and_then(|e| transforms.get(e).map(|t| t.position));
 
     if let Some(player_pos) = player_pos
     {
-        let camera_entity = world.active_camera().map(|(e, _)| e);
+        let camera_entity = cameras
-        let camera_pos = camera_entity.and_then(|e| world.transforms.get(e).map(|t| t.position));
+            .components
+            .iter()
+            .find(|(_, cam)| cam.is_active)
+            .map(|(e, _)| *e);
+        let camera_pos = camera_entity.and_then(|e| transforms.get(e).map(|t| t.position));
 
         if let Some(camera_pos) = camera_pos
         {
@@ -43,9 +55,9 @@ pub fn tree_occlusion_system(world: &mut World)
             let to_player_normalized = to_player.normalize();
             let occlusion_radius = 10.0;
 
-            for tree_entity in world.tree_instances.all()
+            for tree_entity in tree_instances.all()
             {
-                if let Some(tree_instances) = world.tree_instances.get_mut(tree_entity)
+                if let Some(tree_instances) = tree_instances.get_mut(tree_entity)
                 {
                     for (idx, instance) in tree_instances.instances.iter().enumerate()
                     {
@@ -81,11 +93,11 @@ pub fn tree_occlusion_system(world: &mut World)
     }
 }
 
-pub fn tree_instance_buffer_update_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn tree_instance_buffer_update_system(tree_instances: &Storage<TreeInstancesComponent>)
 {
-    for entity in world.tree_instances.all()
+    for entity in tree_instances.all()
     {
-        if let Some(tree_instances) = world.tree_instances.get(entity)
+        if let Some(tree_instances) = tree_instances.get(entity)
         {
             let instance_data_vec: Vec<InstanceRaw> = tree_instances
                 .instances

src/systems/trigger.rs

@@ -1,41 +1,47 @@
 use glam::Vec3;
 
 use crate::components::trigger::{
-    TriggerEvent, TriggerEventKind, TriggerFilter, TriggerShape, TriggerState,
+    TriggerComponent, TriggerEvent, TriggerEventKind, TriggerFilter, TriggerShape, TriggerState,
 };
 use crate::entity::EntityHandle;
-use crate::world::World;
+use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
+use crate::world::Storage;
 
-pub fn trigger_system(world: &mut World)
+pub fn trigger_system(
+    trigger_events: &mut Vec<TriggerEvent>,
+    triggers: &mut Storage<TriggerComponent>,
+    transforms: &Storage<Transform>,
+    player_tags: &Storage<()>,
+)
 {
-    world.trigger_events.clear();
+    trigger_events.clear();
 
-    let trigger_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = world.triggers.all();
+    let trigger_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = triggers.all();
     let mut pending_events: Vec<TriggerEvent> = Vec::new();
 
     for trigger_entity in trigger_entities
     {
-        let trigger_pos = match world.transforms.get(trigger_entity)
+        let trigger_pos = match transforms.get(trigger_entity)
         {
             Some(t) => t.position,
             None => continue,
         };
 
-        let candidate_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = match world.triggers.get(trigger_entity)
+        let candidate_entities: Vec<EntityHandle> = match triggers.get(trigger_entity)
         {
             Some(trigger) => match &trigger.filter
             {
-                TriggerFilter::Player => world.player_tags.all(),
+                TriggerFilter::Player => player_tags.all(),
             },
             None => continue,
         };
 
         let activator_positions: Vec<(EntityHandle, Vec3)> = candidate_entities
             .into_iter()
-            .filter_map(|e| world.transforms.get(e).map(|t| (e, t.position)))
+            .filter_map(|e| transforms.get(e).map(|t| (e, t.position)))
             .collect();
 
-        let overlapping = match world.triggers.get(trigger_entity)
+        let overlapping = match triggers.get(trigger_entity)
         {
             Some(trigger) => activator_positions
                 .iter()
@@ -48,7 +54,7 @@ pub fn trigger_system(world: &mut World)
 
         let first_activator = activator_positions.first().map(|(e, _)| *e);
 
-        if let Some(trigger) = world.triggers.get_mut(trigger_entity)
+        if let Some(trigger) = triggers.get_mut(trigger_entity)
         {
             match (&trigger.state, overlapping)
             {
@@ -82,5 +88,5 @@ pub fn trigger_system(world: &mut World)
         }
     }
 
-    world.trigger_events.extend(pending_events);
+    trigger_events.extend(pending_events);
 }

src/world.rs

@@ -5,20 +5,24 @@ use crate::components::dialog::{
 };
 use crate::components::dissolve::DissolveComponent;
 use crate::components::follow::FollowComponent;
+use crate::components::intent::{CameraTransitionIntent, FollowPlayerIntent, StopFollowingIntent};
 use crate::components::lights::spot::SpotlightComponent;
+use crate::components::particle::SpawnParticleIntent;
 use crate::components::player_states::{
     FallingState, IdleState, JumpingState, LeapingState, RollingState, WalkingState,
 };
 use crate::components::tree_instances::TreeInstancesComponent;
 use crate::components::trigger::{TriggerComponent, TriggerEvent};
 use crate::components::{
-    CameraComponent, InputComponent, JumpComponent, MeshComponent, MovementComponent,
+    CameraComponent, CameraTransition, InputComponent, JumpComponent, MeshComponent,
-    PhysicsComponent, RotateComponent,
+    MovementComponent, PhysicsComponent, RotateComponent,
 };
 use crate::debug::DebugMode;
 use crate::entity::{EntityHandle, EntityManager};
+use crate::loaders::mesh::Mesh;
 use crate::render::snow::SnowLayer;
-use crate::state::StateMachine;
+use crate::states::state::StateMachine;
+use crate::systems::particle::ParticleBuffers;
 
 pub use crate::utility::transform::Transform;
 
@@ -94,6 +98,7 @@ pub struct World
     pub leaping_states: Storage<LeapingState>,
     pub rolling_states: Storage<RollingState>,
     pub cameras: Storage<CameraComponent>,
+    pub camera_transitions: Storage<CameraTransition>,
     pub spotlights: Storage<SpotlightComponent>,
     pub tree_tags: Storage<()>,
     pub dissolves: Storage<DissolveComponent>,
@@ -109,10 +114,20 @@ pub struct World
     pub bubble_tags: Storage<()>,
     pub projectile_tags: Storage<()>,
     pub dialog_outcomes: Vec<DialogOutcomeEvent>,
+    pub spawn_particle_intents: Vec<SpawnParticleIntent>,
+    pub particle_buffers: Option<ParticleBuffers>,
+
+    // --- intents (one-frame, consumed after processing) ---
+    pub follow_player_intents: Storage<FollowPlayerIntent>,
+    pub stop_following_intents: Storage<StopFollowingIntent>,
+    pub camera_transition_intents: Storage<CameraTransitionIntent>,
 
     // --- singleton state (not per-entity) ---
     pub snow_layer: Option<SnowLayer>,
     pub debug_mode: DebugMode,
+    pub was_dialog_active: bool,
+    pub gizmo_mesh: Option<Mesh>,
+    pub gizmo_instance_buffer: Option<wgpu::Buffer>,
 }
 
 impl World
@@ -136,6 +151,7 @@ impl World
             leaping_states: Storage::new(),
             rolling_states: Storage::new(),
             cameras: Storage::new(),
+            camera_transitions: Storage::new(),
             spotlights: Storage::new(),
             tree_tags: Storage::new(),
             dissolves: Storage::new(),
@@ -151,8 +167,16 @@ impl World
             bubble_tags: Storage::new(),
             projectile_tags: Storage::new(),
             dialog_outcomes: Vec::new(),
+            spawn_particle_intents: Vec::new(),
+            particle_buffers: None,
+            follow_player_intents: Storage::new(),
+            stop_following_intents: Storage::new(),
+            camera_transition_intents: Storage::new(),
             snow_layer: None,
             debug_mode: DebugMode::default(),
+            was_dialog_active: false,
+            gizmo_mesh: None,
+            gizmo_instance_buffer: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -178,6 +202,7 @@ impl World
         self.leaping_states.remove(entity);
         self.rolling_states.remove(entity);
         self.cameras.remove(entity);
+        self.camera_transitions.remove(entity);
         self.spotlights.remove(entity);
         self.tree_tags.remove(entity);
         self.dissolves.remove(entity);
@@ -191,6 +216,9 @@ impl World
         self.dialog_projectiles.remove(entity);
         self.bubble_tags.remove(entity);
         self.projectile_tags.remove(entity);
+        self.follow_player_intents.remove(entity);
+        self.stop_following_intents.remove(entity);
+        self.camera_transition_intents.remove(entity);
         self.entities.despawn(entity);
     }
 
@@ -211,6 +239,13 @@ impl World
             .unwrap_or(glam::Vec3::ZERO)
     }
 
+    pub fn camera_is_following(&self) -> bool
+    {
+        self.active_camera()
+            .map(|(e, _)| self.follows.get(e).is_some())
+            .unwrap_or(false)
+    }
+
     pub fn player_position(&self) -> glam::Vec3
     {
         self.player_tags